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Page |1 Copyright - Final Project First, take the Final Exam in Blackboard. Use internet searches, your notes, and Microsoft Word to create a neatly formatted document that correctly answers all of the questions below. Include the corresponding numbered question with each of your answers! Submit your file through Blackboard http://blackboardmyptc.edu 1. Define the term intellectual property It’s the product of mental labor and we could find it in inventions, literary and artistic work as well as designs used with a commercial or non-commercial purpose. The origins of Intellectual Property date back to the Statute of Anne (1710) in the UK and the Constitution of the United States (1776). 2. Name the seven Intellectual Properties types and explain each Patent law: form of right granted to an inventor which has the monopoly of such invention and excludes others from manufacturing, selling or commercializing in any way possible without the granted permission of the inventor. Copyright law: it protects the expression of an idea or manner in which that idea is expressed. This is also known as the Idea-Expression Dichotomy. For example, in a movie the plot together with the specific character will be unique since it’s a form of expression and creativity and very rarely to people will conceive exactly the same idea and characters so the movie it’s copyrighted. Trademark law: it makes reference to a particular word, symbol or sign which distinguish a particular product or services. It’s protected by law as long as it is distinctive and doesn’t confuse with other brands. Trade secret law: it makes reference to secret information about a product or design which could be detrimental for the owner if the secret was discovered. For example, the secret to make Coca Cola it’s one of the industrial secret better protected. Trade dress law: it refers to the protection of the visual appearance and image of a product, such as the shape and color combination that identifies that product or service. Design patent: protects the new design and innovation in a product that meets the patent requirements of novelty and nonobviousness. Right of publicity and privacy: protects against the use of an individual image or likeness for commercial advantage and the right of privacy protects individuals from interference with their rights from embarrassing personal facts or misrepresentations. 3. What does Copyright protect? It protects original works of authorship from literary and artistic works to computer software and architecture. It doesn’t protects facts or ideas Ernesto Molina Page |2 although it could protect the way it is expressed which will make it unique and elaborated. 4. When does Copyright protection start? Copyright protection start as soon as the work is created in a fixed and tangible medium of expression which makes protection implicit for every work you see on the Web. 5. What six rights does a Copyright owner have? o o o o o o Reproduction of the copyrighted work in copies. Creation of derivative works based upon the copyrighted work. Distribution to the public by sale or other transfer of ownership. Public performance of literary, dramatic, musical or other audiovisual works. Public display of literary, musical, dramatic, pictorial or sculptural works. The public performance of sound recording, to perform the copyrighted work publicly by means of a digital audio transmission. 6. Define the term Infringement Copyright Infringement is a violation of an individual or organization’s copyright by the unauthorized use of copyrighted material such as text, music, audiovisual, software and other copyright materials. 7. Define the Fair Use doctrine Fair use is claimed when you use a copyrighted material for a limited and “transformative” purpose, such as to parody or criticize a copyrighted work. It represents an example of balance between rights of society to use creations and the rights of the creators to benefit from their work. The fair use doctrine uses four factors to consider whether a use is fair or not: The purpose and character of the use The nature of the copyrighted work The amount and substantiality of the portion used I relation to the copyrighted work as a whole The effect on the market and the possible monetary loss due to it 8. What will happen if you infringe Copyright? If you infringe in someone’s copyrighted work, you could receive a letter or email from the author asking you to remove the material or what is known as “cease-and-desist” letter. If you’re sued by the owner because you thought it was fair use, the owner should prove to court that your use wasn’t fair. 9. What is Public Domain Work? Works that are not copyrighted, available for everyone to use in any way they want without asking permission. Ernesto Molina Page |3 The reason for a work entering to public domain include could be that the copyrighted protection expired or that the owner didn’t follow the instructions to obtain copyright protection. 10. The first iteration of the World Wide Web was released in what year and by whom? It was made in 1989 by the CERN (world largest particle physics center) group as a means for scientist to share data. They used hypertext, developed by Tim Berners-Lee for linking text to other pages and that is how HTML is born and became synonymous of the World Wide Web. 11. In what year was the first email sent and what was sent? The first email was sent in 1972 by Ray Tomlinson, which included the use of the “@” symbol. 12. What do the abbreviations FTP and HTTP stand for? FTP -> It stands for File Transfer Protocol and is designed to enable the transfer of files over a long-running session. FTP usually requires a password to upload or download files from your computer to a server. HTTP -> The HyperText Transfer Protocol was intended for the transfer of hypertext documents and the various components it needs for operation (css, images, etc). The HTTP, in contrast of ftp, transfer files from a Web server to be viewed on your Web browser but those files aren’t actually downloaded to your system. 13. Explain what a search engine is It’s a software program that search and retrieve information (documents, pictures, videos, and others) based on one or more keywords. Examples include Google, Yahoo!, Bing, etc. 14. Explain how an index search engine works It’s the process of a search engine while collecting and storing data for the search engine. It’s the search engine index that provides results for search queries, and pages stored within the search engine index. This operation is made using a mathematical formula that matches and rank the queries. The search engine locates Web pages using a web bot (robot) commonly known as a spider that methodically and routinely surveys the web. 15. Explain how Pay-Per-Click works Also known as sponsored link, it’s a form of web companies to place advertising in search results return the company has to pay the owner (website someone clicks their advertised link. The paid fee is based on what the advertiser bid 5-99 cents per click. 16. Explain Meta tags Ernesto Molina advertising that allows or specific webpages. In or search engine) every time for the keywords which range Page |4 A Meta tag is a tag (coding statement) in the HyperText Markup Language (HTML) that describes some aspect of the contents of a Web page. The information in Meta tags is used by the search engines to index a page so that someone searching for the kind of information the page contains will be able to find it. It’s placed near the top of the HTML in a Web page as part of the heading. 17. What are the three common Boolean operators? operator AND OR NOT symbol + or & | or , - or ! natural language All of these words Any of these words None of these words results Find the conjunction of A & B Find all elements A or B Find none of the elements 18. Define the term Licensing Agreement Licensing Agreement is a legal contract or permission between two parties, known as the licensor and the licensee. There are many types of licensing agreements: Royalty-free or rights-managed Exclusive or non-exclusive Payments from the licensee to the licensor usually take the form of guaranteed minimum payments and royalties on sales. A royalty is the fee paid to a copyright owner for the right of using their work. Royalties typically range from 6-10 percent, depending on the specific property involved and the licensee’s level of experience and sophistication. Another important element of a licensing agreement establishes the time frame of the deal. 19. Define Terms of Use Also known as terms and conditions (abbreviated ToS/TOU) are the rules a copyrighted owner establish for others using his/her work. Terms of service can also be merely a disclaimer, especially regarding the use of websites. Ideally, the terms should clearly identify what can and cannot be done to the work. 20. Define the term RSS Feed RSS which stands for Rich Site Summary is the acronym used to describe the syndication of Web content. RSS uses a Web standard known as Extensible Markup Language or Really Simple Syndication (XML) format and while it can be used in different ways for content distribution, its most widespread usage is in distributing news headlines on the Web. When using the name RSS the speaker may be referring to any of the following versions of Web content syndication: RDF Site Summary (RSS 0.9, RSS 1.0) Rich Site Summary (RSS 0.91, RSS 1.0) Really Simple Syndication (RSS 2.0) Its main advantage is that transmit the latest content from various Web sites without you ever needing to navigate to the site. Ernesto Molina