Download Chemical Compounds in Cells

Chapter 1: Section 3
What are Elements and
Compounds?
– any substance that
cannot be broken down into
simpler substances
 Element
What are Elements and
Compounds?
 Compound–
a substance
made of two or more elements
that are chemically combined
Chemical Compounds in Cells
Molecules and Compounds
Carbon dioxide is a compound. So is water.
Chemical Compounds in Cells
Molecules and Compounds
Carbon dioxide is a compound. So is water.
three
Carbon & oxygen
Cells are made up of:
Carbohydrates – energy rich organic
compound
 Lipids (fats) – has even more energy
than carbohydrates
 Proteins – they make up a lot of the
structure of cells, for example, the cell
membrane and many of the organelles
 Nucleic Acids – large organic molecule
that contains the instructions cells need
to carry out all of life’s functions
 Water

What Compounds Do
Cells Need?
(teach ok)
 carbohydrates
 lipids
 proteins
 nucleic
 water
acids
What Compounds Do
Cells Need?
 Carbohydrates: energy-rich
compounds made of carbon, hydrogen
and oxygen (1 paragraph)
st
 Examples: sugars and starches
(1st paragraph)
 Makes up cell wall and cell membrane (3
rd
paragraph)
Carbohydrates
 Carbohydrates: energy-rich compounds
made of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen (1 paragraph)
st
 Examples: sugars and starches (1
st
paragraph)
 Makes up cell wall and cell membrane
(3rd paragraph)
 Stores energy - (write this)
Lipids
 Lipids: energy-rich compounds made
mostly of carbon, hydrogen and some
oxygen (1 paragraph)
st
 Makes up most of cell membrane (1
st
paragraph)
 Examples: fats, oils and waxes (2
nd
paragraph)
 Lipids contain more energy than
carbohydrates (2 paragraph)
nd
Proteins
 Proteins: large organic molecules made
of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and
sometimes sulfur (1 paragraph)
st
 Examples: meat, dairy products, fish,
nuts and beans (1 paragraph)
st
 Many cell structures and functions
depend on proteins (2nd paragraph)
 Enzymes: speed up chemical reactions
in living things (2 paragraph)
nd
Compare and contrast
carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins
Compare and contrast
carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins
Carbon, hydrogen
and oxygen
Mostly carbon and
hydrogen, some
oxygen
Carbon,
hydrogen,
oxygen, nitrogen,
sulfur
Stores energy, makes up
cell wall and cell membrane
Makes up most of cell membrane;
stores energy from fats
Makes up many cell
structures; enzymes speed
up cell reactions
Nucleic Acids
 Nucleic acids: long organic molecules
made mostly of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen
nitrogen and phosphorus (1 paragraph)
st
 Has instructions that cells need to carry
out all functions of life(1 paragraph)
st
 DNA – a type of nucleic acid – the genetic
material that carries information from parent
to offspring
Do the Math – pg. 26
The graph
compares the
percentages of
some compounds
found in a bacterial
cell and in an
animal cell. What
would be a good
title for the graph?
Water and Living Things
Mostly Water
About two thirds of
the human body is water.
Complete the circle
graph to show the
percentage of water
in your body.
Why is water so important?
Chemical reactions take place
in water
Substances need to dissolve in
water for this to happen.
Water helps cells keep their
shape
 Think of how the leaves of a plant wilt
when the plant needs water. After adding
water – the leaves perk up.
Water keeps the temperature
of cells from changing rapidly
 Think about how the temperature of
water changes slowly compared to the
temperature of air.
Water carries substances into
and out of cells
 Salt, sugar, etc.
Why is water so important?
Teach - ok
 Chemical
reactions take place in
water.
 Helps cells keep their shape
 Helps keep temp of cells stable
 Moves substances in and out of
cells
Why is water so important?
Teach - ok
Chemical reactions take place
in water.
Helps cells keep their shape
Helps keep temp of cells stable
Moves substances in and out of cells
How does water help stuff
get into and out of cells?
(we’ll talk about these in the next section)
o
Diffusion – the main method by
which small molecules move
across the cell membrane
o
Osmosis
o
Active Transport
You can go in now;
one at a time please!