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1 Ac–Ac Converter Based On Switched-Capacitor Using Step-Up and Step Down Converter P.Gopala Krishna1, M. Sreenivasulu Reddy2 1 M.Tech Student of JNTU, ANANTHAPUR, AP-India,[email protected] 2 Assistant Professor, EEE Dept, JNTU, ANANTHAPUR, AP-India continuously increasing and is today extraordinary the supply. The switched-capacitor (SC) converters are an ABSTRACT—Now-a-days the novel ac–ac static awfully necessary analysis topic for numerous years, power converter Based on the switched-capacitor primarily in regard to non-isolated dc–dc static power (SC) principle, fictional to interchange the modern conversion. Some applications that already have the benefit autotransformer in industrial and residential of the SC principle embrace power provides for mobile Applications. The source of operation, to the electronics systems, electric vehicles, battery equalizer qualitative and quantitative analysis, the design circuits, voltage-balancing circuits for multilevel inverters, methodology, associated an example are described etc. As SC power converters are composed only of during this paper. The main benefits of the proposed ac–ac converter are the absence of capacitors and switches, without magnetic devices, they will accomplish significant size reduction compared with the converters typically utilized in conventional switched-Mode magnetic components, the strain voltages in all elements being capable half of the high-side power supplies. Moreover, the behavior of those circuits is represented by straightforward equivalent circuits and it's voltage, the mutual reference among the input and attainable to fabricate these converters on a semiconductor output voltages, the utilization of one SC leg, the IC chip. power to be bidirectional. A recent publication extended for the first time the KEYWORDS—bidirectional, AC–AC converter, switching capacitor principle to ac–ac static conversion, switched capacitor (SC). wherever a short analysis and experimental results for a I. step-down/step-up converter with rated power of 600W, INTRODUCTION During the world, it's common to search out industrial and domestic appliances that employment with completely different Voltages from those accessible on the electrical grid and therefore the solution answer are the utilization of a low-power/low-voltage autotransformer. However, like several electromagnetic transformers, the autotransformer efficiency is poor and it produces considerable perceptible noise. Moreover, the world demand for copper, utilised within the autotransformer winding construction, has been high-side voltage of 220Vrms , low-side voltage of 110Vrms , line frequency of 60 Hz, and switch frequency of 50 kilohertz were conferred. The most characteristics of the converter are the strain voltages altogether elements being adequate to half the high-side voltage, the differential output voltage, the utilization of two SC legs, and eight unidirectional switches. The results conferred in are promising associated show that the use of associate SC in an ac–ac converter will contribute with new and efficient 2 solutions for the ac–ac space, as, as an example, in lowpower/low-voltage systems aimed toward exchange the standard autotransformer in industrial and domestic applications. The purpose is to introduce a new SC-based ac–ac static power converter topology. The most characteristics of the projected ac–ac converter that {are also|also are|are} present in are the absence of magnetic components and also the stress voltages on the switches being adequate to half the high-side voltage. Additionally, there are the new characteristics of getting a standard reference between input and output voltages, no dc element within the capacitance voltages, and also the employment of one SC leg and four bidirectional switches. Detailed analysis of the converter, Fig. 1. Proposed SC ac–ac converter: (a) step-down configuration, (b) step-up configuration equivalent circuits, the design methodology, as well as experimental results is informed herein. In this topology, one half the high-side voltage (vH /2) is applied to C2 and C3. Capacitance C1, being connected to II. PROPOSED SC AC–AC CONVERTER C2 and when this to C3 in every switch amount, equalizes The proposed SC ac–ac converter is specified their voltages to VL = vH /2. Each bidirectional switch in Fig. 1. This converter functions as a step-down converter series resistance is taken into account, and despite being one time configured as shown in Fig. 1(a) or as a step-up required for the capacitor charge/discharge method, they converter when organized according to Fig. 1(b). The only additionally cause losses. These losses are decreased for D = distinction is that the points where the supply and therefore 0.5, as are going to be mentioned in a later section, that is the load are connected need to be inverted. The circuit has the proposed duty cycle. four bidirectional switches described as S1, S2, S3, and S4 and three capacitors described asC1, C2, and C3. Fig. 1(c) and (d) shows the proposed gate signals and the practical implementation of a bidirectional switch victimization two conventional MOSFETs, severally. Fig. 1. Proposed SC ac–ac converter: (c) gate drive signals, and (d) bidirectional switch model and its practical implementation using two MOSFETs. 3 Operating Modes: These are the different types of operating modes that are classified into two cycles they are: Positive halfcycle of the grid voltage: (a) First stage. (b) Second stage. Fig. 2. Topological stages for step-down configuration. Negative half-cycle of the grid voltage: (c) first stage. (d) second stage. Fig. 2. Topological stages for step-down configuration. Positive half-cycle of the grid voltage: (a) first stage. (b) second stage. Second stage Second stage starts once switches S2 and S4 are turned ON. Primarily, the power supply collects energy from the circuit, capacitance C2 discharges, and capacitance First stage C3 charges till their currents reach zero (Δt2A).After this, First stage starts when switches S1 and S3 are turned ON. Capacitance C2 discharges and capacitance C3 charges throughout the primary a part of this stage (Δt1A).When their currents reach zero, C2 starts to charge and C3 starts to discharge till the tip of the stage (Δt1B).Capacitor C1 charges throughout this stage and therefore the power supply vH delivers energy to the circuit. Switches S1 and S3 are turned OFF at the tip of the primary stage. This topological stage is shown in Fig.2. (a). Negative half-cycle of the grid voltage (c) First stage. (d) Second stage. the power supply delivers energy to the circuit, capacitance C2 charges and capacitance C3 discharges till the tip of the stage (Δt2A).Capacitor C1 discharges throughout this stage. Switches S2 and S4 are turned OFF at the tip of the second stage. This topological stage is shown in Fig. Fig.2. (b) when the second stage, another switch period starts from the primary stage. Within the negative half-cycle of the grid, the converter has similar operation stages with totally different current directions, as will be seen in Fig.2. (c) and (d). 4 III .SIMULATION RESULTS A simulation design closed loop system as shown in fig is A simulation design step down converter implemented in MATLAB SIMULINK with the help of system as shown in fig is implemented in MATLAB MOSFET Switches and switched capacitors we get desired SIMULINK with the help of MOSFET Switches and output voltage level step down voltage waveform. switched capacitors we get desired output voltage level step down voltage waveform. Fig.5. Step up SC ac to ac converter Fig. 3. open loop system of SC ac to ac Converter Fig.6. Step up converter output wave form. Fig.4. Step down converter output voltage waveform 5 EXPECTED INPUT AND EXPECTED OUTPUT [2] A. Ioinovici, “Switched-capacitor power electronics circuits,” IEEE Circuits Syst. Mag., vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 37–42, OUTPUT CONVERTER INPUT TYPE Step Up [3] I. Batarseh, G. Zhu, H. Wei, and A. Ioinovici, “A new Vac = Vac = 220V(rms) 110V(rms) Step Down Third Quarter 2001. Vac switched-capacitor dc-dc converter with improved line and load regulations,” in Proc. IEEE Int. Symp. Circuits Syst., = Vac = 110V(rms) 1999. 220V(rms) [4] D. Maksimovic and M. S. Makowski, “Performance IV. CONCLUSION A novel ac–ac static power converter established limits of switched capacitor dc-dc converters,” in Proc. 26th Annu. IEEE Power Electron. Spec. Conf., 1995. on the SC principle has been proposed. The following conclusions can be drawn after the imaginary analysis and [5] S. R. Sanders and M. D. Seeman, “Analysis and the experimental results reported in this paper the proposed optimization of switched capacitor dc-dc converters,” IEEE ac–ac static power converter works only capacitors and Trans. Power Electron., Mar. 2008. switches the converter employs a single SC and has a common reference in the middle of output and input [6] S. Tapuchi, B. Axelrod, A. Ioinovici, and Y. Berkovich, voltages the converter functioning in open loop through a “Single stage single-switch switched-capacitor buck/buck- constant duty cycle of 0.5 presents better voltage regulation boost-type converter,” IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst., than its autotransformer counterpart with the same Apr. 2009. specifications the topology does not require complex control algorithms, the conversion efficiency is high, and the power [7] C. Shin-Ming, A. Ioinovici, L. Tsorng-Juu, Y. Lung- factor is close to 1 for rated power; the circuit can operate Sheng, and C. Jiann-Fuh, “A single switch boost-flyback as a step-down converter (static gain of 0.5) or a step-up dc-dc converter integrated with switched-capacitor cell,” in converter (static gain of 2), and in both modes, only one-half Proc. IEEE 8th Int. Conf. Power Electron., May/Jun. 2011. of the high-side voltage is applied to the switches and the capacitors the theoretical analysis results were corroborated [8] Y. Berkovich, B. Axelrod, and A. Ioinovici, “A boost- by the experimental results the proposed converter is a switched capacitor inverter with a multilevel waveform,” in potential candidate for substituting the conventional Proc. Int. Symp. Circuits Syst., 2004, vol. 5, pp. V-884–V- autotransformer in low-power applications. 887. REFERENCES [1] R. L. Andersen, T. B. Lazzarin, I. Barbi, and G. B. Martins, “A 600 W switched-capacitor ac-ac converter for 220 V/110 V and 110 V/220 V applications,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., Dec. 2012.