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Lecture Notes Hammurabi’s Code Goals: Students will be able to understand why Hammurabi’s Code provided justice for Ancient Babylon. Students will be able to analyze how Hammurabi used his code to control the people. Students will be able to compare and contrast Hammurabi's law code with current laws. Mesopotamia Mesopotamia means, “_________________________________________” The oldest civilization was found in this region between the ___________ and ____________________ Rivers in what is now _____________. This area was part of the Fertile Crescent. A fertile arc of land from the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea, through Mesopotamia, to the Persian Gulf (Arabian Gulf) The Fertile Crescent The Fertile Crescent was an arc of land from the E. _______________________, through Mesopotamia, to the ______________Gulf. _________________________and a lot of __________ led to the ________________________________________________ Three Social Groups 1. Nobles: ____________ and wealthy (p____________________) 2. Commoners: farmers, ___________________, ________________, and craftspeople. _________ of people were farmers (p________________) 3. Slaves: belonged to _________ people, used slaves in the palace and for nobles on large farms. Religion Basics What is polytheism? _________________________________________ How did their environment contribute to how they viewed the world? ______________ climate, frequent _____________________led them to think that unreliable, _______________ forces ruled the world. Humans were suppose to ____________ and ______________ the gods Humans were __________________ to Gods. Cuneiform This was the first __________________ language; its name means ____________ _________ writing. It was invented by the _____________________. There was not paper so characters were carved into _________________ tablets using a tool called a stylus made from a stick or reed. Sumerian Technology Wheeled Vehicles: They were the first to take the ___________and use it for __________ to transport goods and people. They invented the potter’s wheel for making ____________. They were the first to make _____________________. Empire: ___________ political unit or state, usually under a ________________ leader that controls many people or _______________. Easy to _______________, difficult to _______________. Rise and fall of empires= important part of history Akkadians A ___________________-speaking people. Around 2340 B.C., ________________, leader of the Akkadians established the first Empire. Sargon was the first Empire builder. By _________________ the Akkadian Empire fell after a series of battles Babylon By 1792 BCE a new empire arose in this region. The city-state of ________________ rose to power led by king ____________________. The Empire ____________ shortly after his death in 1750 BCE, but Hammurabi made significant contributions before his death. Hammurabi’s Code 1901: _________________archeologist found it in _____________ _____________ high, 2ft thick Covered in cuneiform _________________ preserved code of ___________ Now sits in the Louvre Museum in Paris, France Compiled: _____________________________ The top portion depicts Hammurabi with ___________________, the sun god Shamash presents Hammurabi a staff and ring, which symbolize _____________to ___________________ law Background of the Code Based on system of ___________ ___________________ Penalties were _________________ “an eye for an eye, tooth for a tooth.” ________________________ society- dominated by ______________. Women had fewer rights than men. Could be drowned, or divorced. Fathers rule their children He wrote them down so ______________would know what the laws were and could not use ___________________ as an excuse to escape _____________. Preamble “Before this portrait let every man who has a ______________ ______________come forward, read this text, and heed its precious words. The stone tablet will ____________________ him in his trouble, and thus may he find _____________ and breathe easier in his heart, speaking these words: ‘Hammurabi is a king who cares for his people like a loving __________________.’”