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Music culture The Romantic Period (1820-1910) Piano Music Music for piano flourished throughout the Romantic period. Many forms of piano pieces evolved, including the miniature. Romantic miniatures such as the nocturne, impromptu, etude, and ballade become extremly popular, as they were short , easy to listen to, and they concentrated on one single musical idea. Frederic Chopin is perhaps the most famous of all Romantic composers for the piano. An example of his work is the Ballade in G minor. Frederic Chopin Chopin's beautiful piano pieces earned him a reputation as the greatest composer for the piano. His family was poor and lived in Poland. His mother was Polish and his father was French. He went from Poland to Paris in 1831, and in 1838 he toured England and Scotland though he was very ill. Chopin was from the Romantic period. He was born in ZelaZowa Wola, Poland, 1810 and died in 1849 in Paris, France, because of steadily worsening tuberculosis. Chopin received musical training from Adalbert Zywny and then he went to a conservatory where he studied under Joseph Elsner. Chopin was born to a poor but aristocratic family. His first piano lesson was at the age of six. Chopin played in the public at the age of eight. Field, the style of Hummel and Bach all influenced him. Chopin wrote music for the piano, orchestra and miniatures such as Polonaise in A-Flat major and Nocturne in F-sharp. Some of his most famous pieces are Polonaise in A-flat major, Waltz in C-sharp -1- Music culture minor, Prelude in D-Minor and Nocturne in F-sharp. Franz Liszt Franz Liszt performed publicly almost to the day he died. He was among the first to arrange entire programs of solo piano music. He was the originator of a melodramatic playing style that raised piano virtuosity to a self-sufficient and exciting form of entertainment. Both Czerny and his father taught Franz Liszt the piano. He gave his first recital at the age of nine. As a child he was sent to Vienna where he studied composition with Antonio Salieri and technique with the celebrated pedagogue Carl Czerny. From Hector Berlioz and Frederic Chopin he borrowed a number of important stylistic elements, translating Berlioz' orchestral color into pianistic terms, and using Chopin's soft lyricism that supported his own natural strength at the keyboard. He gave concerts in Paris maintaining his legendary reputation. He was famous for playing the piano, being a conductor, an arranger, and a writer. Franz Liszt and his wife lived in Switzerland and Italy and had three children. Liszt wrote piano miniatures, solo piano music, transcription pieces, poems, symphonic poems and symphonies. He composed several masses, a number of psalms, and an oratorio entitled The Legend of St. Elizabeth. Some of his most famous pieces are the Faust and Dante symphonies, Mephisto Waltz, Totentanz, Leibestraum, and the Hungarian Rhapsodies. Classical Quiz 1. What is the term used for music without extramusical associations? symphony absolute music chamber music 2. Which orchestral form features a solo instrument with orchestral accopmaniment? sonata symphony concerto 3. Which Classical composer wrote 104 symphonies? Franz Joseph Haydn Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart -2- Music culture Ludwig van Beethoven -3-