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Chapter 7: Circulatory System How do oxygen & nutrients get to your muscle cells? What makes up the circulatory system? Your blood, blood vessels, and heart Blood delivers oxygen and nutrients to your muscle cells through a system of tubes, or pipes, called blood vessels. Define blood vessels Blood vessels are tubes, or pipes that carry blood around your body. How does the heart work? Your heart itself is a muscle. It expands (gets bigger) and contracts (gets smaller). When your heart expands, it fills with blood. When it contracts, it squeezes out the blood into your blood vessels. What is your heart rate? The number of times your heart beats in one minute is called your heart rate. What are the two types of blood cells? Red blood cells and white blood cells There are 3 major types of blood vessels in your body, which make up the huge network of blood vessels that carry blood to every part of your body. Name and explain each type of vessel: Arteries – carry blood from your heart to your cells. Capillaries – the smallest, thinnest, and most numerous blood vessels. They branch off from the smallest arteries. Veins – the blood vessels that carry blood from the capillaries back to your heart. Why does your heart beat faster when you exercise? Your body’s cells – especially your muscle cells – need more energy when you exercise. To make more energy, they need more oxygen and nutrients. Your heart pumps faster so it can deliver more blood to your muscle cells. How do your heart muscles “know to work faster? When waste builds up in your blood (because your muscles are working hard), your brain sends messages to your heart muscles. These messages “tell” them to work harder and faster. Why does your face get so red when you exercise? The blood vessels that supply your skin expand so more blood can flow through them. When the warmed blood moves into your skin, it makes your face look red. How can you keep your circulatory system healthy? Exercise at least 3 times per week. Eat healthy food. Don’t smoke. What have you done to keep your circulatory system healthy today? Ate healthy and exercised in PE class!