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Download Chapter 4 Earth Science
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Chapter 4 Earth Science ROCKS Words to Know – Section 1 The Rock Cycle • rock • rock cycle mixture of one or more minerals, rock fragments, volcanic glass, organic matter, or other natural materials; can be igneous, metamorphic, or sedimentary • rock model that describes how rocks slowly change from one form to another through time • rock cycle Words to Know – Section 2 Igneous Rocks • • • • • • igneous rock lava intrusive extrusive basaltic granitic rock formed when magma or lava cools and hardens • igneous rock molten rock that flows from volcanoes onto Earth’s surface • lava describes a type of igneous rock that generally contains large crystals and forms when magma cools slowly beneath Earth’s surface • intrusive describes fine-grained igneous rock that forms when magma cools quickly at or near Earth’s surface • extrusive describes dense, dark-colored igneous rock formed from magma rich in magnesium and iron and poor in silica • basaltic describes generally lightcolored, silica-rich igneous rock that is less dense than basaltic rock • granitic Words to Know – Section 3 Metamorphic Rocks • metamorphic rock • foliated • nonfoliated forms when heat, pressure, or fluids act on igneous, sedimentary, or other metamorphic rock to change its form or composition, or both • metamorphic rock describes metamorphic rock, such as slate and gneiss, whose mineral grains line up in parallel layers • foliated describes metamorphic rock, such as quartzite or marble, whose mineral grains grow and rearrange but generally do not form layers • nonfoliated Words to Know – Section 4 Sedimentary Rocks • • • • sediment sedimentary rock compaction cementation loose materials, such as rock fragments, mineral grains, and the remains of once-living plants and animals, that have been moved by wind, water, ice, or gravity • sediment forms when sediments are compacted and cemented together or when minerals form from solutions • sedimentary rock process that forms sedimentary rocks when layers of sediments are compressed by the weight of the layers above them • compaction sedimentary rock-forming process in which sediment grains are held together by natural cements that are produced when water moved through rock and soil • cementation
