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Strategies for Managing Fusarium Head Blight in Western Canada A literature review of modern agronomic management techniques for FHB in Wheat, Barley and Oats. Jasmine Hoover International Bioresources Research Group www.ibrg.ca Outline • • • • • • Introduction Fungicide Control Research Biocontrol Research Crop Residue Control Research Research into other emerging strategies Useful resources Introduction Research • Focus on recent research • Agronomic management techniques • Western Canada • Wheat, Barley and Oats Background Facts • Wheat, Barley and Oats are grown on over 11 million hectares in Canada, the majority in Western Canada • Fusarium Head Blight is a costly crop disease, management is financially important for producers. • A basic search on major databases resulted in over 1,800 articles on managing FHB • F. graminearum, an aggressive form of Fusarium is heading West in Canada. (Others: F. poae, F. sporotrichiodes, F. equiseti, F. culmorum, F. avenaceum, F. crookwellense) Fungicide Control Research • Aerial vs Ground Application • Timing of application • Fungicide Varieties • Integration Fungicides Available in Canada NAME Active ingredients Maker and registration Research results Prosaro Mixture of tebuconazole and prothoconazole prothioconazole Bayer- available for the 2011 growing season 2010 – Good / Bad results (US) 2011 – yield benefit (CAN) Bayer - available in 2010 2010 -some reduction in Fusarium (US) 2011 - yield benefit (CAN) Caramba and Metconazole Fungicide Technical Folicur metconazole BASF – registered in 2011 2010 - Good and Bad results (US) 2011 – no yield benefit (CAN) tebuconazole Bayer- original FHB fungicide 2005 – combination of Folicur and JAU6476 resulted in good control (US) 2011- yield benefit (CAN) JAU6476 prothioconazole Bayer - 2011 proposed for full registration from Health Canada 2005 – combination of Folicur and JAU6476 resulted in good control (US) Proline Not available : JS399-19 (a cyanoacrylate) , Azoxystrobin (a strobilurin) , and Carbendazim. Biocontrol Research Fungi Bacteria and Yeast - Clonostachys rosea - pseudomonas -Trichoderma sp. fluorescens CHAO , Pseudomonas fluorescens A506) -Epicoccum & Alternaria sp. -Sphaerodes mycoparasitica Other Organisms - Soil microbiota - Earthworms - Bacillus species - Yeast treatment Biocontrol agents often work more effectively in laboratory conditions. Variables such as competition for nutrients, water availability etc. can stress the biocontrol agent. Current (2009) research is looking at physiological improvements to biocontrol agents that can improve their effectiveness against Fusarium infection in the field. Results of this work have showed that physiologically modified strains of Bacillus subtilis RC218 and Brevibacillus sp. RC 263 were effective biocontrol agents. Crop Residue Control Research • Previous Crop X Maize soybean sunflower Canola • Herbicide Use - More research needed • Tillage - Conflicting research Other Emerging Strategies-A Cultivar Use - Chinese Sumai 3 Organic Farming Practices - Malabar - Truman -Bess - MD01W233–06–1 Fertilizer Research - Brigade - Conflicting results - Eurostar - Need for research - Enterprise - DT801 - CDC Verona - Carberry - Need for more research - German study showed decrease in FHB - Saskatchewan study showed decrease in FHB Other Emerging Strategies-B Climate Change and Agronomic Management • Fusarium infection is primarily effected by environment • A change in the environment can effect Fusarium infection • Indirect effects of climate change may also impact Fusarium Infection Integrated Management • Combining the best techniques for maximum management • Suggested by many modern research reports • Recommended by USWBSI , Saskatchewan Agriculture etc. Risk Forecasting / Modeling • DONcast. (http://www.weatherinnovations.com/doncast.cfm). • Manitoba Agriculture, Food and Rural Initiatives has a FHB Risk Forecast (http://www.gov.mb.ca/agriculture/crops/fhb/index.html). • The Minnesota Association of Wheat Growers and the University of Minnesota’s scab epidemic risk model (http://mawg.cropdisease.com/). • North Dakota State University has a Small Grain Disease Forecasting Model and a Barley DON Model (http://www.ag.ndsu.nodak.edu/cropdisease/). • US Wheat and Barley Scab Initiative’s fusarium head blight risk assessment tool (http://www.wheatscab.psu.edu/riskTool_2011.html). • WeatherFarm (Canadian Wheat Board). www.WeatherFarm.com . Conclusion • Need for more research • Recurring theme of Integrated Management • Increase in available tools and resources for producers • Important to keep on top of the new research and knowledge. Thank You This research was sponsored by the Western Grains Research Foundation (WGRF) Contact IBRG [email protected] #127 – 116 Research Drive Saskatoon, SK S7N 3R3