Download Client/Server Computing (the wave of the future)

Inter-Process Communication:
Network Programming using
TCP Java Sockets
Dr. Rajkumar Buyya
Cloud Computing and Distributed Systems (CLOUDS) Laboratory
Department of Computing and Information Systems
The University of Melbourne, Australia
http://www.buyya.com
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Agenda
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
Introduction
Networking Basics
Understanding Ports and Sockets
Java Sockets

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Implementing a Server
Implementing a Client
Sample Examples
Conclusions
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Introduction
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
Internet and WWW have emerged as global
ubiquitous media for communication and are
changing the way we conduct science,
engineering, and commerce
They are also changing the way we learn, live,
enjoy, communicate, interact, engage, etc. It
appears like the modern life activities are
getting completely centered around the Internet
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Internet Applications Serving Local
and Remote Users
PC client
Internet
Server
Local Area Network
PDA
4
Increasing Demand for Internet
Applications



To take advantage of opportunities presented by
the Internet, businesses are continuously seeking
new and innovative ways and means for offering
their services via the Internet
This created a huge demand for software
designers with skills to create new Internet-enabled
applications or migrate existing/legacy applications
to the Internet platform
Object-oriented Java technologies—Sockets,
threads, RMI, clustering, Web services—have
emerged as leading solutions for creating portable,
efficient, and maintainable large and complex
Internet applications
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Elements of C-S Computing
a client, a server, and network
network
client
server

Processes follow protocols that define a set of rules that must be observed by participants:

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How the data exchange is encoded?
How events (sending, receiving) are synchronized (ordered) so that participants can send and receive data in a
coordinated manner?
In face-to-face communication, humans beings follow unspoken protocols based on eye contact,
body language, gesture.
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Networking Basics

Physical/Link Layer

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Internet/Network Layer

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Functionalities for transmission of
signals representing a stream of
data from one computer to
another
IP (Internet Protocols) – a packet
of data to be addressed to a
remote computer and delivered
Transport Layer

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
Functionalities for delivering data
packets to a specific process on
a remote computer
TCP (Transmission Control
Protocol)
UDP (User Datagram Protocol)
Programming Interface:


Sockets

TCP/IP Stack
Application
(http,ftp,telnet,…)
Transport
(TCP, UDP,..)
Internet/Network
(IP,..)
Physical/Link
(device driver,..)
Applications Layer

Message exchange between
standard or user applications:

HTTP, FTP, Telnet
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Networking Basics


TCP (Transmission
Control Protocol) is a
connection-oriented
communication protocol
that provides a reliable
flow of data between two
computers
Example applications:



HTTP
FTP
Telnet

TCP/IP Stack
Application
(http,ftp,telnet,…)
Transport
(TCP, UDP,..)
Internet/Network
(IP,..)
Physical/Link
(device driver,..)
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Networking Basics


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UDP (User Datagram
Protocol) is a connectionless
communication protocol that
sends independent packets of
data, called datagrams, from
one computer to another with
no guarantees about arrival or
order of arrival
Similar to sending multiple
emails/letters to friends, each
containing part of a message.
Example applications:


Clock server
Ping

TCP/IP Stack
Application
(http,ftp,telnet,…)
Transport
(TCP, UDP,..)
Network
(IP,..)
Link
(device driver,..)
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TCP Vs UDP Communication
A

A

…
B
Connection-Oriented Communication
…
B
Connectionless Communication
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Understanding Ports

The TCP and UDP
protocols use ports to
map incoming data to
a particular process
running on a
computer.
server
P
o
r
t
app
app
app
app
port
port
port
port
TCP
Client
TCP or UDP
Packet
Data
port# data
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Understanding Ports
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Port is represented by a positive (16-bit) integer
value
Some ports have been reserved to support
common/well known services:

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ftp 21/tcp
telnet 23/tcp
smtp 25/tcp
login 513/tcp
User-level processes/services generally use
port number value >= 1024
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Sockets
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Sockets provide an interface for programming networks
at the transport layer
Network communication using Sockets is very much
similar to performing file I/O

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In fact, socket handle is treated like file handle.
The streams used in file I/O operation are also applicable to
socket-based I/O
Socket-based communication is programming language
independent.

That means, a socket program written in Java language can
also communicate to a program written in Java or non-Java
socket program
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Socket Communication

A server (program) runs on a specific
computer and has a socket that is bound
to a specific port. The server waits and
listens to the socket for a client to make a
connection request.
port
server
Connection request
Client
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Socket Communication
If everything goes well, the server accepts the
connection. Upon acceptance, the server gets a new
socket bounds to a different port. It needs a new socket
(consequently a different port number) so that it can
continue to listen to the original socket for connection
requests while serving the connected client.
port
port
server
port

Client
Connection
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Sockets and Java Socket Classes
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A socket is an endpoint of a two-way
communication link between two
programs running on the network.
A socket is bound to a port number so
that the TCP layer can identify the
application that data destined to be sent.
Java’s .net package provides two
classes:

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Socket – for implementing a client
ServerSocket – for implementing a server
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Java Sockets
Server
ServerSocket(1234)
Output/write stream
Client
Input/read stream
Socket(“128.250.25.158”, 1234)
It can be host_name like “mandroo.cs.mu.oz.au”
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Implementing a Server
1. Open the Server Socket:
ServerSocket server;
DataOutputStream os;
DataInputStream is;
server = new ServerSocket( PORT );
2. Wait for the Client Request:
Socket client = server.accept();
3. Create I/O streams for communicating to the client
is = new DataInputStream( client.getInputStream() );
os = new DataOutputStream( client.getOutputStream() );
4. Perform communication with client
Receive from client: String line = is.readLine();
Send to client: os.writeBytes("Hello\n");
5. Close sockets: client.close();
For multithreaded server:
while(true) {
i. wait for client requests (step 2 above)
ii. create a thread with “client” socket as parameter (the thread creates streams (as in step
(3) and does communication as stated in (4). Remove thread once service is provided.
}
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Implementing a Client
1. Create a Socket Object:
client = new Socket( server, port_id );
2. Create I/O streams for communicating with the server.
is = new DataInputStream(client.getInputStream() );
os = new DataOutputStream( client.getOutputStream() );
3. Perform I/O or communication with the server:

Receive data from the server:
String line = is.readLine();

Send data to the server:
os.writeBytes("Hello\n");
4. Close the socket when done:
client.close();
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A simple server (simplified code)
// SimpleServer.java: a simple server program
import java.net.*;
import java.io.*;
public class SimpleServer {
public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException {
// Register service on port 1234
ServerSocket s = new ServerSocket(1234);
Socket s1=s.accept(); // Wait and accept a connection
// Get a communication stream associated with the socket
OutputStream s1out = s1.getOutputStream();
DataOutputStream dos = new DataOutputStream (s1out);
// Send a string!
dos.writeUTF("Hi there");
// Close the connection, but not the server socket
dos.close();
s1out.close();
s1.close();
}
}
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A simple client (simplified code)
// SimpleClient.java: a simple client program
import java.net.*;
import java.io.*;
public class SimpleClient {
public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException {
// Open your connection to a server, at port 1234
Socket s1 = new Socket("mundroo.cs.mu.oz.au",1234);
// Get an input file handle from the socket and read the input
InputStream s1In = s1.getInputStream();
DataInputStream dis = new DataInputStream(s1In);
String st = new String (dis.readUTF());
System.out.println(st);
// When done, just close the connection and exit
dis.close();
s1In.close();
s1.close();
}
}
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Run
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Run Server on mundroo.cs.mu.oz.au
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
Run Client on any machine (including mundroo):
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[raj@mundroo] java SimpleServer &
[raj@mundroo] java SimpleClient
Hi there
If you run client when server is not up:
[raj@mundroo] sockets [1:147] java SimpleClient
Exception in thread "main" java.net.ConnectException: Connection refused
at java.net.PlainSocketImpl.socketConnect(Native Method)
at java.net.PlainSocketImpl.doConnect(PlainSocketImpl.java:320)
at java.net.PlainSocketImpl.connectToAddress(PlainSocketImpl.java:133)
at java.net.PlainSocketImpl.connect(PlainSocketImpl.java:120)
at java.net.Socket.<init>(Socket.java:273)
at java.net.Socket.<init>(Socket.java:100)
at SimpleClient.main(SimpleClient.java:6)

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Socket Exceptions
try {
Socket client = new Socket(host, port);
handleConnection(client);
}
catch(UnknownHostException uhe) {
System.out.println("Unknown host: " + host);
uhe.printStackTrace();
}
catch(IOException ioe) {
System.out.println("IOException: " + ioe);
ioe.printStackTrace();
}
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ServerSocket & Exceptions
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public ServerSocket(int port) throws IOException
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Creates a server socket on a specified port
A port of 0 creates a socket on any free port. You can use
getLocalPort() to identify the (assigned) port on which this
socket is listening
The maximum queue length for incoming connection
indications (a request to connect) is set to 50. If a connection
indication arrives when the queue is full, the connection is
refused
Throws:


IOException - if an I/O error occurs when opening the socket
SecurityException - if a security manager exists and its
checkListen method doesn't allow the operation
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Server in Loop: Always up
// SimpleServerLoop.java: a simple server program that runs forever in a single thead
import java.net.*;
import java.io.*;
public class SimpleServerLoop {
public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException {
// Register service on port 1234
ServerSocket s = new ServerSocket(1234);
while(true)
{
Socket s1=s.accept(); // Wait and accept a connection
// Get a communication stream associated with the socket
OutputStream s1out = s1.getOutputStream();
DataOutputStream dos = new DataOutputStream (s1out);
// Send a string!
dos.writeUTF("Hi there");
// Close the connection, but not the server socket
dos.close();
s1out.close();
s1.close();
}
}
}
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Java API for UDP Programming

Java API provides datagram
communication by means of two classes

DatagramPacket


| Msg | length | Host | serverPort |
DatagramSocket
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UDP Client: Sends a Message and
Gets reply
import java.net.*;
import java.io.*;
public class UDPClient
{
public static void main(String args[]){
// args give message contents and server hostname
DatagramSocket aSocket = null;
try {
aSocket = new DatagramSocket();
byte [] m = args[0].getBytes();
InetAddress aHost = InetAddress.getByName(args[1]);
int serverPort = 6789;
DatagramPacket request = new DatagramPacket(m, args[0].length(), aHost, serverPort);
aSocket.send(request);
byte[] buffer = new byte[1000];
DatagramPacket reply = new DatagramPacket(buffer, buffer.length);
aSocket.receive(reply);
System.out.println("Reply: " + new String(reply.getData()));
}
catch (SocketException e){System.out.println("Socket: " + e.getMessage());}
catch (IOException e){System.out.println("IO: " + e.getMessage());}
finally
{
if(aSocket != null) aSocket.close();
}
}
}
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UDP Sever: repeatedly received a
request and sends it back to the client
import java.net.*;
import java.io.*;
public class UDPServer{
public static void main(String args[]){
DatagramSocket aSocket = null;
try{
aSocket = new DatagramSocket(6789);
byte[] buffer = new byte[1000];
while(true){
DatagramPacket request = new DatagramPacket(buffer, buffer.length);
aSocket.receive(request);
DatagramPacket reply = new DatagramPacket(request.getData(),
request.getLength(), request.getAddress(), request.getPort());
aSocket.send(reply);
}
}catch (SocketException e){System.out.println("Socket: " + e.getMessage());}
catch (IOException e) {System.out.println("IO: " + e.getMessage());}
finally {if(aSocket != null) aSocket.close();}
}
}
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Multithreaded Server: For Serving
Multiple Clients Concurrently
Server Process
Client Process 2
Server threads
Client Process 1
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Summary


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Programming client/server applications in
Java is fun and challenging
Programming socket programming in
Java is much easier than doing it in other
languages such as C
Keywords:

Clients, servers, TCP/IP, port number,
sockets, Java sockets
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References
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Chapter 13: Socket Programming


R. Buyya, S. Selvi, X. Chu, “Object Oriented
Programming with Java: Essentials and
Applications”, McGraw Hill, New Delhi, India,
2009.
Sample chapters at book website:
http://www.buyya.com/java/
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