Download unit 8 allied strategy cornell notes

Cornell Notes
Topic/Objective: UNIT 8 WORLD WAR II
Name:
Allied Strategy
Class/Period:
Terms: 27-35, 46
Date:
Guided Question: What is the result of the allied advance in Europe? How will WWII impact Europe and its people?
Questions/VOCAB
/Main Ideas:
Notes:
I.
Alliances:
1. The Allied powers are:
a.
b.
c.
d.
2. The Axis powers are:
a.
b.
c.
(when????
)
II.
Multi-front War:
3. The war will be divided into ________ theaters
a. Japan:
b. Germany/Italy:
4. WWII will see Germany fighting in multiple fronts
a. The ____________ Front will be the war in Europe
i. Some of the fighting in Europe will span to _________ in the North African
Front
b. The ____________Front will be fought in Russia
III.
Fighting Begins:
The War for Europe and North Africa
5. Days after Pearl Harbor, British Prime Minister Winston _________________________arrived
at the White House and spent three weeks working out war plans with ____________
6. They decided to focus on defeating ________________first and then turn their attention to
Japan
The Eastern Front and Mediterranean:
7. Hitler wanted to wipe out ______________________ – a major industrial center
(**where?
)
8. In the summer of 1942, the Germans took the offensive in the southern Soviet Union
9. By the winter of 1943, the Allies began to see victories on land as well as sea
10. The first great turning point was the Battle of _______________________
11. Were the Germans prepared for the Battle of Stalingrad? Please give one example as to why
they lost.
1.
North African Front:
12. Another important campaign was taking place in ___________ ____________, where the
British had been fighting the Germans and Italians since 1940.
13. The goal of the Allied campaign in North Africa:
a. Stalin wanted to open a ____________ front against Germany in Western Europe
i. WHY DID STALIN WANT A SECOND EUROPEAN FRONT?
14. Roosevelt and Churchill felt they did not have the resources to prepare for an invasion of
mainland ___________.
15. An invasion of North Africa required less ____________ and fewer ________________.
16. Forcing Germany out of North Africa would pave the way for an Allied invasion of
______________.
American Generals in the African Front:
17. Allied leader in charge of operations in N. Africa was American General _______________
____ ____________________.
18. He placed American troops under the command of General ________________ ____
___________________
a. “Operation _____________” – an invasion of Axis -controlled North
_______________in 1942
i. They sped eastward chasing the Afrika Korps led by German General Edwin
________________
19. In 1943 command of the American troops was transferred to General ____________
_______________.
20.
IV.
FDR’s Europe First Approach:
FDR: Liberate ____________ first and pursue an “active defense” in the Pacific
a. At _________: Battle of Atlantic: Hitler’s “Wolf Packs” vs. Allied Navies
b. On ___________: Clear Germany from North Africa
i. Late 1942: Only ____________ was controlled by Axis Powers
American forces advanced east toward ___________.
The British pressed westward from Egypt, trapping the Axis soldiers in ____________.
____________escaped, but his army did not.
21.
22.
23.
24. In May 1943, the remaining German and Italian forces in North Africa—some
______________ troops—surrendered
V.
Allied Advance in Europe:
25. January, 1943: Allies agree to fight until they win “_________________________
________________________”
26. February 1943: _______________ _________________ takes back Stalingrad and moves
westward
27. Same time, Allied victory in _________________ secures Africa
Italy
28. July 10, 1943: The invasion of _____________________.
a. Fighting continues from July 1943 to June 1944 (______________ Allied troops killed)
29. _________________ ____________________________ was overthrown
a. On September 3, 1943, Italy surrendered to the Allies and five weeks later declared
_______________ on Germany
30. _________________ was not through with Italy. A German airborne force rescued
______________________________ from a mountaintop fortress and Hitler installed him as
head of a puppet state in northern Italy.
a. In the south, __________________ military forces continued the fight against
the Allies.
31.
32.
33.
34.
VI.
Allies Liberate France:
Even as the Allies were battling for Italy, they began plans on a dramatic invasion of France
a. It was known as “Operation _________________________” and the commander was
American General Dwight D. ________________________
b. Also called “D-Day,” the operation involved 3 million U.S. & British troops and was set
for June _____, 1944
D-Day was the ___________________ land-sea-air operation in military history
a. Despite air support, German retaliation was brutal – especially at
____________________Beach
b. Within a month, the Allies had landed _____ million troops, 567,000 tons of supplies
and 170,000 vehicles
Battle at Normandy lasted from __________________________________________________.
a. August 25, 1944: ________________ liberated
Britain and U.S. begin to air raid strategic sites in Germany to cut off German
“______________________ _____ ____________________ ________________”(Using
bombers escorted by the ____________________________ Airmen)
a. They aim for major cities and industrial centers
Freed France:
35. By September 1944, the Allies had freed _______________, _________________, and
____________________
36. That good news – and the American’s people’s desire not to “change horses in midstream” –
helped elect FDR to an unprecedented____________term
VII.
The Yalta Conference:
37. In February 1945, as the Allies pushed toward victory in Europe, an ailing _________met with
____________________and ________________ at the Black Sea resort of _____________ in
the USSR
a. A series of compromises were worked out concerning postwar Europe
38. Yalta Agreements:
1. They agreed to divide __________________ into _________ occupied zones after the war
2. Stalin agreed to free elections in ______________ Europe
3. Stalin agreed to help the U.S. in the war against ______________ and to join the
_________________ ________________________.
VIII.
Battle of the Bulge:
39. Hitler was caught between Allied troops coming from the _______________ and Stalin’s
forces coming from the_____________.
40. December 1944: Battle of the _____________
a. Hitler’s last ditch effort using _______________________ speaking German troops in
______________uniforms to cut telephone lines, change road signs, and spread
confusion.
b. The Germans caught the allies by ___________________ and created a ‘bulge’ in the
American line and captured several key towns
c. HoweverOn _____________________ 23 1944 Allied bombers attacked the
German positions—greatly weakening an already weakened German Army
41. April 25, 1945: ________________ and Allied Forces meet at the Elbe River
a. 50 miles outside of the German capital of _________________
42. In his underground headquarters in Berlin, __________________ prepared for the
end
IX.
Allies Take Europe Hitler Commits Suicide:
43. On April 29, he married his longtime girlfriend Eva Braun then wrote a last note in which he
blamed the __________ for starting the war and his __________________ for losing it
a. The next day he gave poison to his wife and ___________ himself
44. May 8, 1945: Germany surrenders (______________ _____________________)
45. **What does V-E stand for??
X.
Truman Replaces FDR:
46. President Roosevelt did not live to see V-E Day
a. On April _______, 1945, he suffered a stroke and died
47. His VP Harry S __________________ became the nation’s 33rd president
XI.
Liberation of Death Camps and Justice:
48. While the British and Americans moved westward into _________________, the Soviets
moved eastward into German-controlled __________________
49. The Soviets discovered many __________ ______________ that the Germans had set up
within Poland
50. The ____________________ also liberated Nazi death camps within Germany
Nuremburg War Trials:
51. The discovery of Hitler’s death camps led the Allies to put __________ surviving Nazi leaders
on trial for crimes against ___________________, crimes against the ________________, and
__________ crimes
a. The trials were held in Nuremberg, Germany
52. “I was only following orders” was not an acceptable defense as 12 of the 24 were sentenced
to ______________ and the others to life in prison
Big Picture:
1. Hitler’s “final solution” was the extermination of all the Jews in Europe. His generals
were well aware of this fact. Knowing this do you agree with the decision of the
Nuremburg Trials?
Summary: