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Trompenaars' four diversity cultures Fons Trompenaars is another Dutch culturalist who is into international culture. This is a 2x2 model which is much simpler than the more complex Trompenaars' and Hampden-Turner's cultural factors. The four diversity cultures This model assumes major dimensions of person vs. task and centralized (which is also assumed to be hierarchical) vs. decentralized (which is assumed to be more egalitarian). Both of these dimension are very common measures and can often be easily determined. . Egalitarian/decentralized Incubator (fulfilmentoriented) Guided Missile (project- oriented) Person/Informal Style Task/Formal Style Family (power- oriented) Eiffel Tower (role- oriented) Hierarchical/centralized Factors in each model Relationship between employees Family: diffuse relationship to organic whole to which one is bonded Eiffel Tower: specific role in mechanical system of required interactions Guided Missile: specific tasks in cybernetic system targeted upon shared objectives Incubator: diffuse spontaneous relationships growing out of shared creative processes Attitude to authority Family: status is ascibed to parent figures who are close and all powerful Eiffel Tower: status is ascribed to superior roles who are distant yet powerful Guided Missile: status is achieved by project group members who contribute to the targeted goal Incubator: status is achieved by individuals exemplifying creativity & growth Ways of thinking and learning Family: intuitive, holistic, lateral and error correcting Eiffel Tower: logical, analytical, vertical and rationally efficient Guided Missile: problem centred, professional, practical, cross disciplinary Incubator: process oriented, creative, ad-hoc, inspirational Attitudes to people Family: as family members Eiffel Tower: human resources Guided Missile: specialists and experts Incubators: co-creators Managing change Family: “Father” changes course Eiffel Tower: change rules and procedures Guided Missile: shift aim as target moves Incubator: improvise and attune So what? When working in other countries and with people from overseas, first research their national culture along these dimensions, then check first whether the people use these. By default and when talking with national groups, take account of these factors.