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Unit 9 Review 1 Which term or phrase below can be referred to as a summary of Darwin's view of life? A B C D E 2 Which of the following is a TRUE statement about Charles Darwin? A B C D E 3 it is not factual. it is an untested idea. it is a matter of opinion. it can be considered dogma. it is a model that is supported by many observations and much experimental evidence. Which of the following factors is NOT an important part of natural selection? A B C D E 5 He worked out the principles of population genetics. He proposed natural selection as the mechanism of evolution. He was the first to conclude that Earth is billions of years old. He based his theory on the inheritance of acquired characteristics. He was the first to discover that living things can change, or evolve. To describe evolution as a "theory" means that A B C D E 4 natural selection adaptive evolution descent with modification differential success in reproduction inheritance of acquired characteristics heritable variation limited environmental resources selective breeding of domestic plants and animals individuals better adapted to an environment being more likely to survive unequal reproduction with individuals best meeting environmental demands having the most success According to the theory of evolution, all of the different kinds of homologies-namely, anatomical, molecular, and embryological-should A B C D E yield very different hierarchical patterns. be completely independent of each other. link all of the species currently present on Earth. be understood to have come about by chance alone. produce similar patterns of evolutionary relatedness. 2/15/2011 12:49:52 PM Page 1 Unit 9 Review 6 In a large population of bonobos, the frequency of the recessive allele is initially 0.1. There is no migration and no selection. What is the frequency of the dominant allele? Assume that there are two alleles of this gene. A B C D E 7 Genetic drift ... natural selection ... mutation Mutation ... sexual recombination ... natural selection Natural selection ... mutation ... sexual recombination Sexual recombination ... natural selection ... overproduction Overproduction of offspring ... mutation ... sexual recombination In a population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, 1% of the individuals in a population show the recessive trait of a certain characteristic. In this situation, what is the value of p? A B C D E 10 random mating sexual selection a large population no mutations altering the gene pool no migration of alleles in or out of the population _____ and _____ generate variation, while _____ results in an adaptation to the environment. A B C D E 9 .10 .20 .50 .90 .99 Which of the following conditions is NOT required for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? A B C D E 8 Page 2 0.9 0.18 0.81 99% The answer cannot be determined from the information given. Which of the following most accurately measures an organism's fitness? A B C D E its mutation rate how many fertile offspring it produces how much food it is able to make or obtain its ability to withstand environmental extremes how strong the organism is when pitted against others of its species 2/15/2011 12:49:52 PM Unit 9 Review 11 Which one of the following conditions is necessary for speciation to occur? A B C D E 12 At which point in the adaptation of a population is it clear that speciation has occurred? A B C D E 13 prezygotic ... gametic isolation prezygotic ... temporal isolation postzygotic ... hybrid breakdown prezygotic ... mechanical isolation prezygotic ... behavioral isolation According to the punctuated equilibrium model of evolution A B C D E 15 Viable, fertile hybrids occur. An allopatric separation occurs. Gene pool changes adapt a population to a local environment. Gene pool changes establish reproductive barriers between two populations. All of the above. Three species of frogs, Rana pipiens, Rana clamitans, and Rana sylvatica, all mate in the same ponds, but they pair off correctly because they have different calls. This is a specific example of a _____ barrier, called _____. A B C D E 14 mass extinction adaptive radiation sympatric speciation reproductive isolation interbreeding among neighboring populations polyploidy is not a mechanism of punctuated equilibrium the tempo of evolution comprises abrupt episodes of speciation among long periods of equilibrium isolated species changing over a few thousand generations represent graduated equilibrium, not punctuated equilibrium fossils of organisms that existed during periods of stasis should be as abundant as those of organisms that existed during periods of rapid change. none of the above Which species concept defines a species as a population/group of populations whose members have the potential to interbreed in nature and produce viable, fertile offspring with members of other populations? A B C D E biological species concept ecological species concept phylogenetic species concept morphological species concept paleontological species concept 2/15/2011 12:49:52 PM Page 3 Unit 9 Review 16 Which one of the following methods to establish phylogenetic relationships among organisms has been developed most recently? A B C D E 17 families that look most alike relative ages of living species of birds characteristics shared by all bird families evolutionary relationships among bird families analogous structures shared by various species The Miller and Urey abiotic synthesis experiment (and subsequent, similar experiments) showed that A B C D E 19 comparing behavioral patterns comparing embryonic development comparing morphology (shape and structure) comparing physiology (the functioning of structures and systems) comparing the component sequences of proteins and nucleic acids A phylogenetic tree (cladogram) of bird families constructed by cladistic analysis would be a hypothesis about which of the following? A B C D E 18 Page 4 life can be created in a test tube. long chains of DNA can form under abiotic conditions. the earliest life forms introduced large amounts of oxygen into the atmosphere. the "concentration gap" probably prevented simple organic molecules from polymerizing. simple organic molecules can form spontaneously under conditions like those thought to prevail early in Earth's history. A radioactive isotope has a half-life of 1.2 billion years. As measured by the presence of the isotope and its stable decay product, a rock originally contained 100 grams of the radioactive isotope, and now contains 12.5 grams. Approximately how many years old is the rock? A B C D E 1,000 years 10,000 years 0.3 billion years 3.6 billion years 12 billion years 2/15/2011 12:49:52 PM Unit 9 Review 20 Which statement below is NOT an argument for the endosymbiotic origin of plastids and mitochondria? A B C D E Each type of organelle contains a single circular DNA. Each of these organelles contains tRNA and other molecules need to translate DNA. Mitochondria and plastids reproduce by a method that is very similar to binary fission. The ribosomes of each type of organelle are more similar to cytoplasmic ribosomes of eukaryotic cells than to ribosomes of prokaryotic cells. The inner membrane of both types of organelles have enzymes and transport systems that are homologous to those on the plasma membrane of prokaryotes. 2/15/2011 12:49:52 PM Page 5 Unit 9 Review Page 6 Answer Key : Unit 9 Review Question: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 2/15/2011 12:49:52 PM Answer C B E C E D B B A B D D E B A E D E D D