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Jean-Luc Rivera-Miranda: [email protected] Robbinsville High School Summer Ventures in Science and Math 2009 Dr. Tashakkori, Mr. Miles, Ms. Shrestha Leaf classification is the process of evaluating a leaf’s features and using them to place the leaf into a certain category. Using the length, width, area, and edges of leaves, it is possible to classify leaves into different categories. Leaf classification has been studied before by several different researchers. Xioa-Feng Wang used images of leaves with complex backgrounds to classify plants. Other researchers, such as David Cutler, studied plant anatomy to classify leaves. Eighteen leaves were collected from around the ASU CAP building. A picture was taken of each leaf and was opened in the computer program Image J. The length and width of each one of the leaves was then found. After the length and width of each leaf was evaluated, a width to length ratio was created. The ratio correlated with the shape of each leaf. The data that was obtained was then put into a graph. Ratio Long Leaf 5 Species 1 Long Leaf 2 Species 2 Lobed Leaf 1 (not mature) Species 1 Long Leaf 3 Species 1 Double Serrated Leaf 4 Species 2 Double Serrated Leaf 3 Species 2 Long Leaf 1 Species 1 Long Leaf 4 Species 2 Rounded Leaf 3 Species 1 Ratio Double Serrated Leaf 2 Species 1 Lobed Leaf 2 (Mature) Species 1 Double Serrated Leaf 1 Species 1 Pedate Leaf 2 Species 1 Rounded Leaf 1 Species 1 Rounded Leaf 2 Species 1 Pedate Leaf 1 Species 1 Palmate Leaf 4 Species 3 Palmate Leaf 3 Species 2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 Next, the area of each leaf was found using Image J. After finding the area, a best fitting ellipse was created around each leaf. Another ratio was then created by divide the area of the leaf by the area of the ellipse. Using the width to length ratio, the shape of each leaf could be determined. There were six different shape categories that the eighteen leaves were placed into. These categories were as follows: ovoid, oblong, obovate, pedate, lobed, and palmate. Using the ellipse ratio, the leaves were classified into margin categories. There were four different categories and they were as follows: crenate, double serrated, entire, and lobate. Only eighteen leaves were used, so it isn’t clear if this process works for all leaves. A clear leaf shape is easy to find by using the leaf length and width. In addition to the length and width, a simple examination of the leaf area and ellipse area gives a definite margin type. Plants are very complex organisms just as humans are, so there is much that can be done in the future. One project may be to examine the cuticle thickness of leaves and try to determine the rate of photosynthesis. Mr. Jere Miles for providing us candy when we were in dire need. Ms. Biva Shrestha for being amazing while helping on my project. She gave me a clear view of what to do with all of those leaves. Dr. Tashakkori for showing us all of the basics in Image J that helped so much with the project.