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Transcript
Pneumonia and other respiratory diseases A brief guide to pneumonia and other respiratory diseases, and their impact globally and in Bangladesh. Globally… Pneumonia, inflammation of the lungs, can be caused by a wide range of bacteria and viruses (and occasionally fungal and parasite infections). The most common bacterial causes of pneumonia include Streptococcus pneumoniae (also known as pneumococcus), Haemophilus influenzae and Staphylococcus aureus. The most common viral causes of pneumonia include influenza viruses, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and parainfluenza viruses; viral infections are particularly common in children. Pneumonia is an infection of the lower respiratory tract (an LRI or LRTI); these are typically more severe than infections of the upper respiratory tract (URIs or URTIs), such as the common cold, tonsillitis and laryngitis. Lower respiratory tract infections cause about 2.7 million deaths a year; upper respiratory tract infections are responsible for about 3,000 deaths a year. Pneumonia is the leading infectious cause of death among children under five years of age, killing 2,500 children a day. Pneumonia accounts for 16% of deaths of children under the age of five deaths, and killed about 922,000 children in 2015; most deaths were of children under two years of age. Annual child deaths from pneumonia decreased by 47% from 2000 to 2015, from 1.7 million to 922,000 million. In Bangladesh… In Bangladesh, pneumonia is responsible for around 28% of the deaths of children under five years of age. Around 50,000 children die of pneumonia every year. An estimated 80,000 children under five years of age are admitted to hospital with virus-associated acute respiratory illness each year; the total number of infections is likely to be much higher. Mortality estimates from Global Burden of Disease 2013 study Children <5 Total Haemophilus influenzae 180,700 108,700 Influenza 15,100 105,400 Pneumococcus 264,000 594,400 RSV 41,100 81,500 Sources UNICEF: http://data.unicef.org/child-health/pneumonia.html#sthash.rLMWAkoB.dpuf Lozano R et al. Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet. 2012;380 (9859): 2095–128. http://www.who.int/maternal_child_adolescent/epidemiology/profiles/neonatal_child/bgd.pdf Homaira N et al. Respiratory Viruses Associated Hospitalization among Children Aged <5 Years in Bangladesh: 2010-2014. PLoS One. 2016;11(2):e0147982. Mokdad AH et al. Global burden of diseases, injuries, and risk factors for young people's health during 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Lancet. 2016;387(10036):2383–401.