Download Clastic sedimentary rocks

Principal: Ms. G. Adduci
Fall 2005
Rocks of the World
By Jose Conde
What are rocks?
 Rocks
are made up of one or more
minerals.
 There are more than 2000 minerals.
How are rocks classified?
 Igneous
 Sedimentary
 Metamorphic
What are Igneous rocks?
Igneous rocks are formed by
magma. Magma that comes out of
the volcano it is called lava. When
lava cools it forms igneous rocks.
What are sedimentary rocks?
– Any rock exposed at the earth’s
surface can become sedimentary
rocks.
– Wind, rain and snow break down
igneous rocks, to create
sedimentary rock.
What are metamorphic rocks?
 When
pieces of igneous rocks and
sedimentary rocks get together they
are called metamorphic rocks.
 Temperature and pressure form new
minerals in the earth.
What have we learned about
rocks?
By Yesenia Amigon
What are rocks?
• Rocks are made up of different minerals.
• There are more than 2,000 minerals.
• There are 20 of these minerals found in
most rocks.
How are rocks classified?
They are classified into three
groups.
1. Igneous
2. Metamorphic
3. Sedimentary
How are rocks classified?
• Rocks are classified by their different
shapes, where they were found, and how
long they had been there.
• Metamorphic rocks have two kinds of
texture, and are classified by that texture.
• Rocks that form when pieces of minerals
and rocks become cemented together are
classified as sedimentary rocks.
What is an igneous rock?
• Igneous rocks are made of different
minerals.
• Igneous rocks are formed from lava. Lava
has very small crystals.
• Igneous rocks do not have a glassy
texture.
What is sedimentary rock?
• Sedimentary rocks form the same way as
concrete.
• They can contain water for drinking or oil
and gas to run cars and heat homes.
• They tells us what the earth’s surface was
like in the geologic past.
• They can contain fossils that tell us about
the past.
What are the different types of
sedimentary rocks?
1. Clastic Sedimentary Rock
&
2. Non-Clastic Sedimentary Rock
How are Clastic sedimentary rocks
formed?
Clastic-sedimentary rocks form by the
weathering processes which break down
rocks into pebble, sand, or clay particles
by exposure to wind, ice, and water.
How are non-clastic sedimentary
rocks formed?
• Non-clastic-sedimentary rocks form from
chemical reaction. Sedimentary rocks are
the only members of the rock family that
contains fossils as well as being an
indicator of the climate that was present
when the rock was formed.
• Non-clastic sedimentary rocks are made
according to the mineral present.
What are metamorphic rocks?
• Metamorphic rocks are formed within the
earth under extremely high pressure.
• Metamorphic rocks are formed when
existing rocks come in contact with
magma.
• Metamorphic rock are formed when
existing rocks are placed under great heat
and pressure.
Rocks of the World we
Have Learned About
By Josue Cortes
What are Rocks
Rocks are a mixture of minerals
usually cemented together. Small
rocks found lying on the ground are
fragments of larger rocks. Other
rocks are so big that they are part
of the landscape like Monument
Valley in Arizona.
How are rocks classified?
Rock divisions occur in three major
families based on how they formed:
A) Igneous,
B) Sedimentary
C) Metamorphic.
Igneous rocks are
recognized by:
•
•
•
•
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The interlocking texture of the grains
The presence of vesicles (holes)
In extrusive igneous rocks
May be dark-colored and heavy
May display two grain sizes, one much
larger than the other.
Sedimentary rock are
recognized by:
•
•
•
•
Grains cemented together
The presence of fossils
Light-colored and light weight
May display interlocking grains but is
very light weight.
Metamorphic rock are
recognized by:
•
•
•
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The interlocking texture of large grains
Foliation (layering)
Banded light and dark colors
Ching sound instead of a chunk sound
when tapped.
Classification of Igneous
Rocks
• Extrusive igneous rocks form when magma
reaches the Earth’s surface and cools quickly.
Most extrusive (volcanic) rocks have small
crystals. Examples include basalt, hyalite, and
diorite.
• Intrusive igneous rocks form when magma cools
slowly below the Earth’s surface. Most intrusive
rocks have large, well-formed crystals. Examples
include granite, gabbros and diorite.
Classification of
Sedimentary Rocks
• Clastic sedimentary rocks form when weather breaks
down rocks into pebble, sand or clay particles.
• Non-clastic Sedimentary rocks form from chemical
reactions chiefly in the ocean. They are named
according to the mineral present.
• Non-clastic and clastic sedimentary rocks are the
only members of the rock family that contain fossils
and can indicate the climate that was present when
the rock was formed
Classification of
Metamorphic rocks
• Foliated metamorphic rocks are formed within the Earth
interior under extremely high pressures that occur when
the pressure is greater in one direction (directed). This
causes the minerals in the original rock to re-orient
themselves with the long and flat minerals aligning
perpendicular to the greatest pressure direction.
• Non-foliated metamorphic rocks are formed around
igneous intrusions where the temperatures are high but the
pressures are relatively low and equal in all directions
(confining pressure). The original minerals within the rocks
re-crystallize into larger sizes and the atoms become more
tightly packed together increasing the density of the rock.
All About Rocks
By Sasha Vargas
What are rocks?
• Rocks are formed of one or more
minerals.
• These minerals are cemented together to
form rocks.
• Rocks and minerals are non-living solids
and are found in nature.
• Earth’s crust is made up of many kinds of
rocks.
How are rocks classified?
Rocks are classified into three different
groups.
1. Igneous Rocks
2. Sedimentary Rocks
3. Metamorphic Rocks
How are rocks formed?
• The earth’s internal heat causes magma
causing the creation of intrusive igneous
rocks.
• Weathering causes rocks to break down at
the earth’s surface. It creates sedimentary
rocks.
What are igneous rocks?
• Hot magma liquid moves upward to cooler
regions of the earth.
• It turns cold in the air and becomes
crystal igneous rock.
• There are two different types of igneous
rocks.
• Extrusive – Caused by the cold air outside of the
volcano.
• Intrusive – Caused by the hot magma inside the
volcano.
What are sedimentary rocks?
• Weather carries away rocks exposed at
the earth’s surface.
• Rain, snow, wind and ice break down the
rocks, causing sedimentary rocks.
What are metamorphic rocks?
• Metamorphic rocks are formed within the
earth’s interior under extremely high
pressure.
• Metamorphic rocks got their name from
the Greek word morphe which means
changing of form.
What I learned about rocks
There are different kinds of rocks in the
world, and rocks are made of different
materials. The rocks are called, igneous,
sedimentary and also metamorphic. There
are also big sedimentary rocks. They form
fossils and live for millions of years. A
fossil is a rock containing animals bones
and plants that lived long ago.
El hermoso mundo
de las rocas
Por
Blanca Mendez
Rocas igneas
• Cuando el magma o la lava se
enfrian lo
suficiente estas se solidifican o
“congelan’’ y forman las rocas
igneas.
Clasificacion de las
rocas
• Las rocas se clasifican en tres
grupos:
• A) Rocas Igneas
• B) Rocas Sedimentareas
• C) Rocas Metamorficas
Como reconocer las rocas
igneas
• Una textura apretada de los
granos.
• La presencia de huecos en las
rocas igneas volcanicas.
• Pueden ser de colores oscuros y
pesadas.
• Pueden mostrar dos tamaños de
granos.
Clasificacion de las
rocas igneas
• Rocas Extrucivas Igneas.
Se producen fuera de la tierra
y se enfian rapidamente.
• Rocas Intrusivas Igneas.
Se producen dentro de la tierra
y se enfrian lentamente.
Rocas Sedimentareas
• Las Rocas Sedimentarias.
Se forman de pequeños
pedazos de Rocas Igneas
Sedimentareas y Metamorficas.
Estas rocas contienen Fosiles
que nos dicen como eran los
Animales ,las plantas, y el clima
en a quella epoca.
Clasificacion de las
rocas Sedimentareas
• Las rocas sedimentareas se
clasifican en:
• Rocas Sedimentareas Clasticas se
forman cuando las rocas Igneas
cedimentareas y metamorficas se
convierten en piedras pequeñas,
arenas o barro por accion del viento,
agua, y hielo.
Rocas Sedimentareas No-clasticas
se forman por reacciones cortas en
el oceano. Estas rocas se clasifican
de acuerdo al mineral presente en
ellas.
Como Reconocer las
rocas Sedimentareas
• Las rocas sedimentareas son
reconocidas por :
• Granos Cementados
• La presencias de fosiles
• Color claro y poco peso
• Los granos estan apretados
pero pesan poco.
Como reconocer las
rocas Metamorficas
• La textura de los granos grandes
apretados
• Las capas
• Bandas de colores claros y oscuros
• El sonido “ching” en vez del sonido
“chunk” cuando se golpea
Mr. Vives and Class 181
at work with technology
Magnets
are
very
cool!