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Lord of the Four Quarters of the World Akkadian People who spoke a language related to Hebrew and Arabic. 2350 BCE Sumer at war Sargon Created the world’s first empire Empire brings together several people, nations, or formerly independent states under one control. Southern of Mesopotamia to the Mediterranean Sea to the Iran. Sargon’s grandson R I P Naram Sin Ur-Nammu King of the ancient city of UR attack Nomad invaded Mesopotamia From the city of Babylon Known as Amorites Hammurabi • Military ruler Marduk -God Code of Law Social Structure nobility artisans merchants peasants slave Women had given the same stature as men. • Trade, have profession, priestesses Principle: “an eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth” 282 laws • Advanced and high legal procedures • Upper part: Hammurabi with Shamash, god of justice. • Content: trade, family labor, real estate, personal property Code of Hammurabi After 2 centuries Babylon Invaders from east Invaders from Asia Minor (Turkey) -from Asia Minor -adapt Sumerian cuneiform -experts in military strategy, skilful diplomacy and superior weapons. Metalworkers – IRON *IRON Age Lost military advantage Humane Legal System • Capital punishment-major crimes • Payment system • Premeditation Northern portion of Mesopotamia ASUR- city state • Disciplined army • Fiercest, cruellest, most aggressive and most warlike “I piled them up, and like heaps of grain, I piled them up” • Tortured and beheaded Babylonian prisoners, enslaved women and children. Nineveh – symbol of pride and cruelty Conquered territories and built roads for the troops Collected heavy taxes refused Ashurbanipal -cruel and harsh - Built library with 22,000 clay tablets collection Preserving invaluable records in the world’s first library Joined with oppressed Nebuchadnezzar Stargazers of Babylon -astronomy -12 constellations - zodiac Babylonian captivity of the Jews Jews and Jerusalem • • • • DARIUS CAMBYSES Cyrus the great king of Persia Military genius Showed justice and fairness Equal law • Persian empire: south and eastern of Iran, west of the Indus river and south-eastern part of Europe, north of black sea and Caspian sea • Mightiest Empire • satrapy – provinces -------satraps- governors Coinage- promote trade Royal Road Xerxes Alexander the Great Tyre • • • • • Sidon Purple dye product Papyrus (Beritus and Bbylos) Wine, glass, ivory, and weapons Skilled shipbuilders and seafarers Greatest traders of antiquity/Carrier of Civilization Canaan • Ancient home of the Hebrews CONTRIBUTION Jewish Code of Law Judaism, Christianity and Islam Monotheism Things I discovered….. Things I learned….. Things I was amazed Things I was afraid…… Things I will never forget….. Things I had fun….