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AGROINDUSTRIAS AMAZONICAS INCA INCHI VERSUS OIL LINSEED OIL By Jose Anaya Yábar Inca Inchi oil, anything known in food oils, is the highest source of unsaturated fatty acids with 93% of omegas, including up to 58% of valuable omega 3, high in antioxidant vitamin E and vitamin A and contains no toxic elements in addition to its nutritional qualities has a great taste for which he has received many international awards between gold medals and other recognitions for an oil and high quality gourmet kitchen gourmet. Inca Inchi oil occurs Plukenetia seeds in the Amazon of Peru, obtained from organic farming. Flaxseed oil is obtained from the seed of the plant Linum usitatissimum (flax) oil is widely used in industry for paints and varnishes siccatives features on a smaller scale is used in food, in search of alternatives to fish oil as a source of omega 3, due to the pollution of the seas, despite its high content of omega-3 does not have enough antioxidants to be a reliable source for food and contain toxic elements such as linamarin and cyanotic, his taste is not quality cuisine for a gourmet kitchen. In the table below we compare the nutritional qualities of the Inca Inchi oil and flaxseed oil compared to other common oils in human nutrition: OIL AND PROTEIN CONTENT OF OIL SEEDS NUTRIENTS INCA INCHI LINSEED OLIVE SOYA CORN MANI SUNFLOWER COTTON PALMA . 1 6 28 23 24 32 33 23 PROTEINS 22 19 45 48 16 54 47 TOTAL OIL + 13 10.7 11 12 7.5 18 45 5.3 Saturated PALMITIC -- 3.85 3 3.3 2 2.2 5.3 3 4 4.1 STEARIC Saturated -- 2.54 6 9.4 16 14 13 14 13 21 49 TOTAL SATURATED: 71 22.3 28 43.3 29.3 18.7 40 20 Monounsaturated oleic 8.28 10 54.5 58 36.8 57.9 57.5 10 26.80 15 Omega 6 linoleic 1 8.3 1 0.0 0.0 0.5 0 58 55 Linolenic Omega 3 84.80 70 11 62.8 59 36 57.9 58 10 Essential fatty acids: 93.60 90 83 85.1 87 80.1 87.72 76.7 50 UNSATURATED TOTAL: Source: AGROINDUSTRIAS AMAZÓNICAS, 2001 (SECURITIES PROXIMAL) AGROINDUSTRIAS AMAZONICAS Inca Inchi protein is of high nutritional quality, with the best composition of essential and nonessential amino acids, which gives the highest digestibility up to 96%. It has high concentrations of naturally occurring protein by the small amount of carbohydrates and fiber in the seed. Inca Inchi protein is used as an excellent source of food. Flaxseed protein is not used for human consumption by the toxic ingredients, manufacturing processes need refining. THE LINEN OR FLAX Flaxseed oil is not suitable for food for their toxic components and the easy oxidation by their lack of natural antioxidants. The flax and seaweed were never considered important nutritional resources in the history of mankind. Moreover, flax has been strongly questioned as to a number of factors that interfere with the normal development of humans and animals. Flax is essentially used to manufacture industrial products such as coatings, floor covering, paints and varnishes. The restriction of flax seed and feed use is mainly due to the presence of toxic cianoglicosides (linamarin) and antagonistic factors of vitamin B6 (Vetter, 2000; Center for Alternative Plant and Animal Products, 1995; Stitt, 1989 , Butler et al., 1965). Recent discoveries show that low levels of vitamin B6 in blood are associated with an increased risk of fatal coronary heart-disease and stroke (American Heart Association, 1999). homocysteine, a substance nonprotein forming sulfur amino acid, which is not a normal dietary constituent, rises when the folic acid and B vitamin levels are inadequate (Herzlich et al., 1996, Selhub et al., 1996). The researchers believe that when body cells too homocsteína dumped in the blood inside the artery wall is irritated by promoting plaquefatty deposits that adhere to artery walls (McBride, 1999). now recognized that a high concentration of homocysteine serum is an important risk factor independent for cardiovascular disease and stroke (Malinow, 1996; Boushey et al, 1995). GG All varieties of flax have anti-nutritional factors, including the new strain FP967, a genetically modified organism (GMO), which has a concentration of total cyanogenic compounds (linamarin, linustatin and neolinustatin total) which is different from the Traditional (Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 1998). Human consumption of flax seed is banned in France and used with limitations in Germany, Switzerland and Belgium (Le Conseil d'Etat, 1973). In the United States, although human consumption is not forbidden, it has the approval of FDA. This means that under such circumstances, if a company decides to include flax in the formulation of a food product, will be responsible for the safety of it. (Vanderveen, 1986). Recent research in animals has warned of the negative action of linen in pregnancy and reproductive development. These effects have been attributed to the action of the compound called diclycoside ecoisolariciresinol (SDG) which, through microbial action in mammals acts as a depressant or estrogen AGROINDUSTRIAS AMAZONICAS enhancer. Flax is known as the richest source of DMS, and therefore special care is recommended if consumed during pregnancy and lactation (Tougas et al., 1998, Rickard and Thompson, 1998). Due to the availability of flax (such as industrial oil) and its relatively low price, there have been many attempts to use in animal feed as a source of omega-3 fatty acids, but without much success. Numerous scientific publications have shown the negative effects that anti-nutritional factors in flax have in the development of laying hens, chickens, pigs, laboratory animals, etc. (Trevino et al., 2000; Touge et al., 1999; Novak and Scheideler, 1998, Bond et al., 1997; Ajuyah et al., 1993, Bell and Keith, 1993; Bhatty, 1993, Batterham et al., 1991, Lee et al., 1991, Bell 1989, Homer and Schaible, 1980; Kung and Kummerow, 1950). Therefore, and in order to use flax in the diets of poultry or other animals, seeds should be detoxified before. However, the most efficient process requires the use of solvents, but in any case, are completely detoxified (Mazza and Oomah, 1995; Madhusudhan et al., 1986). It warned that "little seed" contains cyanide. Then people stopped. The source of this alarming news was the coordinator of the Center for Toxicology Information and Advisory Julio Velasco (CIAT), part of the Drug Information Service and Poisons (Simet), Dr. Daniela Pasqualatto B. CIAT-Pasqualatto Dr. clarify-is an extension of the Faculty of Pharmacy, Central University of Venezuela and permanent collaborator Mudial Health Organization, who was born in 1971 in order to warn of irrational drug use natural or products. Concerned about the "flaxseed fever" initiated an investigation to discover the reality behind such a panacea. Flax, whose scientific name is Linux usitatissimum L., is a result of a grass seed family of the linac, which is obtained known as flax seed. The specialist partly explained the principle that all people have a different body chemistry that reflects individual pathologies that each person develops, that's why everybody has to be medicated particularly although suffering from the disease. It all depends on the organic indivudual. Explains Dr., in the case of flaxseed varies, depending on the soil where it is planted, the concentration of cyanogenic glycosides (releases toxic cyanide when broken plant tissue). Pasqualatto asserts that both the usual linen (Linux usitatissimum) as a laxative (Linux catharticum), which are very strong seed cuticle, if it breaks and becomes the fruit powder is what is done out of the seed is linamarin a sugar containing cyanide in their molecule, in the presence of water and linamarasa presence of an enzyme that breaks down the molecule and allow it to release the cyanide. As it affirms the book Introduction to Toxicology plant these seeds contain a cyanogenic glucoside called linamarin, which is accompanied by an enzyme called linamarasa. When linamarin is activated by fermentation with linamasa, is split into glucose and prussic acid. Linamarin content is highly variable, and the enzyme that acts as a catalyst, not destroyed by soaking or heating, is AGROINDUSTRIAS AMAZONICAS destroyed by boiling at least 10 minutes. Which means that if the person wants to eat the crushed seeds should be boiled for a minimum of 10 minutes to avoid any risk. (Translated by Samula plant Toxicology Bencheton Bengio. Editorial Acribia. Zaragoza. Spain) Facts about flax The fatty acids of flaxseed deteriorate over time. You need to consume the same day it is cooked. s (20-25%) Traces of cyanogenic glycosides from 0.1 to 1.5% (which can be up 3%) (linustatina, linamarin) Phytosterols: beta-sitosterol, cholesterol, estigmatesrol, cicloarteno, delta-5avenasterol. Flaxseed is cyanogenic, ie containing cyanogen-but its toxic effect is unknown in traditional use. Contains the same that cassava cyanogenic glucosides. For this reason many people warn about the proportions and the use of this plant. Too high a dose could cause a shock of fiber that is why it is recommended that the warning in its consumption. (Chile International Health Unit University Hospital Sweden). But ... what are the cyanogenic glycosides? Cyanogenic glycosides are a group of natural substances found in plants that release cyanide, a compound that is poisonous when it is degraded by enzymes or organic acids. Thousands of plants produce cyanogenic compounds including many agronomically important crops such as cassava (also called tapioca or manioc), lima beans, branches of bamboo, sorghum, flaxseed, apples and stone fruits like peaches, plums, cherries and apricots. AGROINDUSTRIAS AMAZONICAS