Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download malignant wounds - Palliative.info
Document related concepts
no text concepts found
Transcript
MALIGNANT WOUNDS Connie Sarvis RN, BN, MN, CON(C), IIWCC, CWS Skin and Wound Consultant Seven Oaks General Hospital Malignant Wound? Fungating Wound? Cutaneous Malignancy? Malignant Cutaneous Ulcer? Tumor Necrosis? How Common Are They? 5-10% of patients with metastatic cancer will develop a malignant wound! Wound Care Designed to afford Relief without Cure Most Common Sites Breast Head/Neck Back/Trunk/Abdomen Groin/Axilla Genital How do they develop? From a Primary Skin cancer left untreated. Ie. Basal cell ca Squamous cell ca A Primary Tumor invading up into and through the skin. Ie. Breast tumor Tumor has invaded blood or lymph vessels – small skin capillaries trap malignant cells During Surgery – seeding of malignant cells in the dermis occurs Conversion: Malignant wound develops in another chronic ulcer/scar tissue PATHOPHYSIOLOGY! Starts as discrete, non tender nodules Can be skin tone, pink, red, violet, blue, black or brown! As malignant cells grow and divide, the nodules enlarge – interfere with skin capillaries and lymph vessels Tumor very disorganized! – poor skin perfusion, edema and necrosis occurs Tumors often extend into deeper structures – sinus and fistula formation TREATMENT SURGERY Used occasionally to reduce tumor mass but may not always be possible due to bleeding, infection, etc. Chemotherapy Can decrease tumor mass Depends on tumor response RADIOTHERAPY Can reduce the size of mass – controlling exudate, bleeding and pain Adding radiotherapy reactions to wound ASSESSMENT Location of Wound Size, Depth and Shape Amount and Nature of Exudate Presence and Level of Malodor Type of Tissue Present Signs and Symptoms of Infection Nature and Type of Pain Condition of Peri-wound Bleeding ASSOCIATED PROBLEMS WHAT DOES THE PATIENT THINK IS THE MOST IMPORTANT? ODOR!! Anaerobic Bacteria infecting or colonizing necrotic tissue-Putrescine, Cadaverine Klebsiella, Pseudomonas & Proteus Necrotic Tissue Odor Stale Exudate Presence of Infection Tissue Degradation Malodor Tissue Necrosis Anaerobic Bacterial Colonization Debridement Remove necrotic tissue where bacteria are Sharp? Mechanical? Autolytic? SYSTEMIC ANTIBIOTICS Control Odor from Bacteria’s Metabolic End Products Bacterial Resistance Adverse Effects FLAGYL (Metronidazole) Anaerobes only – Binds their DNA gel - .75% -displacement tablets crushed in gel oral tablets (200-500 mg. TID) IV/irrigation SILVER/IODOSORB Reaches the Gram positive cocci and gram negative rods – Pseudomonas No bacterial resistance Longer to control odor CHARCOAL DRESSINGS Absorbs volatile malodorous chemicals from wound before they pass into air Needs to be an airtight seal Pouching? Increase Frequency of Drsg. Changes Room Sprays – Nausea!! Mentholatum applied to Nostrils Kitty Litter, Charcoal, Baking Soda, Vinegar Distraction Techniques Tumor Cells can secrete Vascular Permeability Factor – vessels become more permeable to plasma colloids and fibrinogen Inflammatory reaction Histamines Cloudy Serous Amber Exudate Purulent Hemopurulent Sanguinous THE 5 C’S OF EXUDATE MANAGEMENT CAUSE CONTROL COMPONENTS CONTAINMENT COMPLICATIONS CAUSE Lymphedema Drug-related Infection Heart Failure Decreased se albumin CONTROL Is systemic and or local control possible? COMPONENTS VISCOSITY? BACTERIA? NECROTIC MATERIAL? CONTAINMENT Collection Devices VAC Capillary Action Dressings Bacterial Control Dressings Absorptive Dressings COMPLICATIONS Very fragile, friable tissue!!! Spontaneous bleeding if tumor erodes into a blood vessel – profuse Bleeding can be compounded by decreased platelet function Infection? PREVENT TRAUMA!! Paraffin/tulle? Gauze? Telfa? Silicone? Control Bleeding Alginates Silver Nitrate Gel Foams Fibrinolytic Inhibitors Sucralfate Topical Adrenaline PRESSURE? OR ICE? Tumor pressing on nerve endings During dressing changes Exposure of Dermis to air PAIN Avoid Trauma Gentle Cleansing- without gauze No cold irrigations No H2O2, Iodine, Chlorhexidine, Eusol!! Morphine gel (1 mg./1 ml hydrogel or metronidazole gel) Excoriation Pruritis EXCORIATION Barriers – No Sting Hydrocolloid Frames Zinc Oxide Avoid Tape – Netting/garments Pouching Diaper Technology PRURITIS Antihistamines? Cool Hydrogel Sheets Menthol Cream TENS? Avoid vasodilation!! Moisturizers (Avoid Lanolin) QUESTIONS?
