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Brain Tumors
Ariana Munoz, Grace Klinger, Madison Proctor
What is it?
• There are two types of brain cancer;
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primary in which the cancer starts in the brain
metastatic in which the cancer starts somewhere else
and spreads to the brain
• Cancer is when the cells begin to divide and
multiply uncontrollably damaging the body.
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What Causes it?
Individuals with a job in an oil refinery, handlers of jet fuel or
other chemicals, or rubber industry workers, show higher
rates of brain cancer than the general population.
Smoking, Radiation exposure, and viral infection (HIV)
have been suggested but not proven to cause brain cancer.
Although many lay press and web articles claim that
aspartame (artificial sweetener) causes brain cancer, the
FDA maintains that it does not cause brain cancer.
Symptoms?
•Headaches, usually worse in the morning
•Nausea and vomiting
•Changes in your ability to talk, hear or see
•Problems with balance or walking
•Problems with thinking or memory
•Muscle jerking or twitching
•Numbness or tingling in arms or legs
Stages of Brain Tumors
The brain cancer has four stages or grades.
Grade I: The tissue is benign. The cells look nearly like normal brain cells, and they grow
slowly. In this grade, the treatment to remove the brain tumor will most likely be
surgery. Mainly because the cancer is not spread out. Some benign tumors will not
lead to cancer but it is important to remove them because as they grow, they destroy
and compress brain tissue.
Grade II: The tissue is malignant. The cells look a little more abnormal than in Grade I
and have a greater chance of spreading.
Grade III: The malignant tissue has cells that look very different from normal cells. The
abnormal cells are actively growing
Grade IV: The malignant tissue has cells that look most abnormal and tend to grow
quickly.
* A malignant grade tumor will result to chemotherapy and radiotherapy treatment. These
are usually more effective because cancer is already spreading. Malignant grades will
cause stronger symptoms than benign grade.
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Effects
When treating Brain Cancer, the treatments
can cause many problems like:
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Most of the symptoms are the effects of brain
cancer.
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nausea, fatigue, hair loss, infertility, and appetite
problems
Headaches, Nausea and vomiting,Changes in your
ability to talk, hear or see, Problems with balance or
walking, with thinking or memory,Muscle jerking or
twitching, Numbness or tingling in arms or legs
One serious effect is possibly death
Treatments
There are three possible treatments for brain tumor:
1. surgery - The surgeon makes an incision in the scalp and uses a special saw to
remove a bone from the skull. The surgeon will remove as much tumor as possible.
When the process is done, he covers the opening in the skull and closes the incision.
Surgery is not always possible. If the cancer is spread in delicate parts, it is most
likely to receive one of the therapies. This treatment is usually effective in the benign
grade rather than the malignant grades.
2. radiation therapy - External beams of x-rays, gamma rays and protons aimed at the
tumor to shrink it and kill cancer cells.
3. chemotherapy - Involves the use of drugs or other chemicals to kill or alter cancer
cells. Not all types of brain tumor respond to this treatment. This is usually effective in
the malignant grades, rather than the benign one.
*The choice of treatment depends mainly in the grade, location and size of the
tumor.
Cure?
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There is no definite or immediate cure for brain cancer.
However, there is treatment and it usually helps a lot. If
the treatment is effective enough, it can kill the cancer
cells.
There is no guarantee that the cancer cells are gone.
For that reason, the patient will have to keep visiting a
neurologist or other
specialized doctor and
continuously
test for any cancer cells that may
grow again.
Prevention?
• There is nothing you can do to guarantee you won't get
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cancer although several things help including
o Eat a healthy diet
o Avoid excessive exposure to chemicals and radiation
o Visit your doctor regularly
Smoking leads to cancer of the lungs which can spread
to your brain so don't smoke
Alcohol abuse can lead to liver cancer which again can
spread to the brain
Basically the best way to avoid brain cancer is to live a
healthy life.
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Other info
Estimated new cases and deaths from brain and other
nervous system cancers in the United States in 2012:
o New Cases: 22910
o Deaths 13700
Each year 4,200 more children are diagnosed with a
pediatric brain tumor in the U.S.
There are over 150 different types of documented
tumors
Support Groups
• There are online, telephone, and face to face
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support groups available for people whose
lives have been affected by cancer
There are lots of programs out there for all
people touched by cancer you can look for
help through
cancer support community
o national brain tumor society
o imerman angels
o american cancer society
o Y-me
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Sources
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http://www.pbtfus.org/medcomm/research/Pediatric-brain-tumor-factsupdated.html
http://www.medicinenet.com/brain_cancer/article.htm
http://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info.cfm?pg=thera-brain
http://www.livestrong.com/article/224692-how-to-prevent-brain-cancer/
http://www.imermanangels.org/index.php
http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/coping/chemo-side-effects
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/braincancer.html
http://www.cancersupportcommunity.org/MainMenu/Cancer-Support/Cancer-SupportHelpline.html
http://www.aans.org/Patient%20Information/Conditions%20and%20Treatments/Brain%20Tu
mors.aspx