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Microevolution: Comparing Like Proteins from Different Species to infer relationships The data table is very similar to DNA finger printing but instead of observing DNA fragments you will be observing separated protein fragments from the same source protein. Proteins are made up of amino acids so it should not be a surprise to see amino acid sequences instead of DNA fragments in the data table. AA Species 1 1 Gln 2 Ala 3 Pro 4 Phe 5 Thr 6 Thr 7 Asp 8 Lys 9 Asn 10 Lys 11 Gly 12 Lle 13 Thr 14 Lys 15 Glu 16 Glu 17 Thr 18 Leu 19 Met 20 Glu 21 Lys 22 Ala 23 Thr 24 Asn 25 Glu Species 2 Gln Ala Glu Phe Ser Thr Asp Lys Asn Lys Gly Lle Thr Gly Glu Asp Thr Leu Met Glu Asp Ala Thr Ser Lys Species 3 Gln Ala Glu Tyr Ser Thr Asp Lys Ser Lys Gly Lle Val Asn Asn Asp Thr Leu Met Glu Ser Ala Thr Ser --------- Species 4 Gln Ala Ala Phe Ser Thr Asp Lys Asn Lys Gly Lle Thr Gly Glu Asp Thr Leu Met Glu Ser Ala Gly Ser Lys Species 5 Gln Ala Pro Tyr Ser Thr Ala Lys Asn Lys Gly Lle Lle Gly Glu Asp Thr Leu Met Glu Lys Ala Thr Asn Glu Species 6 Gln Ala Gln Phe Ser Thr Asp Lys Ser Lys Gly Lle Thr Gln Gln Glu Thr Leu Arg Lle Lys Thr Ala Ala Ser Species 7 Gln Ala Glu Phe Ser Thr Asp Lys Asn Lys Gly Lle Thr Gly Glu Glu Thr Leu Met Glu Asp Ala Thr Ser Lys Species 8 Gln Ala Pro Tyr Ser Thr Ala Lys Asn Lys Gly Lle Lle Gly Glu Asp Thr Leu Met Glu Lys Ala Ala Asn Glu Species 9 Gln Ala Tyr Pro Ser Thr Asp Lys Asn Lys Gly Lle Thr Gly Glu Asp Thr Leu Met Glu Lys Ala Thr Asn Glu The above sequence codes for cytochrome C which is a protein found in the body of many species. As you know the structure of a protein and the sequence of amino acids is determined by the base sequence of your DNA. 1. You are going to compare the amino acid sequence of species #5 to the other species keeping track of the number of differences. If for example there are ten amino acids which are different from #5 than mark that as ten differences. One of you will look at the differences while the other records. Use a separate sheet of paper. 2. Which ones are the most similar, which ones are least similar? Use data to support your answer. 3. If the various species have similar amino acids in their proteins what conclusion can you make about their DNA/genetic code? 4. What is a cladogram and what does it show? 5. What conclusion can you make about species which have similar amino acids? Would you expect them to have common traits and appearances? Common ancestors? Indicate which ones. 6. Use a cladogram to help visually illustrate the differences and similarities of the amino acids. If it is a large difference then you would mark a line further from species #5. If it is a small difference then you would mark it closer to #5. Review your notes from the faces in class. Species 5 7. Ask your teacher for the identification of each species. Add the names to your data table (you made it in #1) and cladogram. 8. Hiding the identity of the various species forced you to use data to make your conclusions up above. Did you have any surprises? What do you think now that you know what the various species are?
