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*Ch.25.3 War in the Pacific Notes Main Idea: The U.S. dropped the atomic bomb on Japan to defeat them and bring an end to the War in the Pacific. What did the Japanese do following Pearl Harbor? -after Pearl Harbor the Japanese conquered an empire that made the Third Reich look small -Hong Kong -French Indochina (Vietnam) -Malaya -Burma -Thailand -much of China -Dutch East Indies -Guam -Wake Island -Solomon Islands -Aleutian Islands of Alaska How did the Allies turn the tide on the Japanese? -Doolittle Raids-April 18, 1942- James Doolittle leads 16 bombers on -“Pearl Harbor” style attack on Tokyo -Battle of the Coral Sea-Japan was on march toward Australia -May, 1942- Australian and American troops stop Japanese advance using bombing raids from aircraft carriers -not a single shot was fired from a surface ship -first time since Pearl Harbor that a Japanese advance had been stopped -Battle of Midway-turning point in the Pacific War -June 3, 1942- break Japanese code naming Midway as next island to be attacked -strategic island for fueling of ships -Americans and Allies begin island hopping and retaking islands from Japan -brings Allies closer to Japanese mainland -Battle of Guadalcanal-first land battle lost by the Japanese -August, 1942 What tactics did the Japanese use in the Pacific? -Kamikaze- Japanese fighter pilots went on suicide missions purposely crashing planes into allied ships -threw entire fleet into single battle -Leyte Gulf in the Philippines -Imperial navy played only minor role after defeat -heavily defend a single island -Iwo Jima, -caves and tunnels utilized for defense -Americans felt island could be used by heavy bombers to attack Japan -ritual suicide -rather than surrendering, officers committed suicide What did the battle of Okinawa tell the Allies about an attack of the mainland? -last island before Japan’s mainland -foreshadowed what an attack of mainland would be like -1900 Kamikaze attacks -fiercest fighting of the war - 110,000 lives given to defend island -ritual suicides How did President Truman feel he could avoid the fierce fighting on the mainland? -Atomic Bomb -Manhattan Project had quickly developed the bomb -600,000 men and women worked on the project -most secretive project of the war-Truman only found out about it when he became President What was the argument for using the atomic bomb? -Churchill felt it would save 1.5 million lives of allied troops -Truman felt it would bring a quick end to the war Where were the two Bombs to be dropped? -Hiroshima- important military center “Little Boy” dropped on August 6, 1945 -Nagasaki“Fat Man” dropped August 9, 1945 -200,000 people died as a result of the attack and radiation What was the Emperor Hirohito’s response to the bomb? -almost immediate surrender “I cannot bear to see my innocent people suffer any longer.” -September 2, 1945- Japanese officially surrender What was the result of the Yalta Conference? -February, 1945 -Stalin favored treating the Germans harshly -occupied military zones to assure Germany would not threaten the Soviets again -Churchill strongly disagreed with Stalin -FDR acted as a mediator -wanted Soviets to join war in the Pacific -wanted Soviets to be an ally in the United Nations -Divided Germany into 4 zones- 1. American 2. British 3. Soviet 4. French What happened at the Nuremberg Trials? -trial of those in the Nazi regime accused of war crimes and crimes against humanity -Nazi party officials -government ministers -military leaders -industrialists -12 of 24 sentenced to death -Principle of individual responsibility becomes entrenched in international law -“I was only following orders.”, is no longer a defense in war time What happened to Japan after their surrender? -occupied by the U.S. -7 years of occupation -large scale economic recovery due to free-market enterprises -restructure government to one similar to the U.S. -new constitution- Mac Arthur Constitution -women’s suffrage and basic freedoms -trials similar to the Nuremberg Trials take place