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Chemokines and Cytokines and CD and other cell surface molecules
Name
Il-1
What releases it
Where it acts
Interleukins
Macrophages
Endothelium
Il-2
T-cell (primarily
CD4)
T-cells
Il-4
TH2 T-cells
-B Cells (Ig E
releasing)
-TH1 T-cells
-TH2 T-cells
Il-5
Il-7
TH2 cells
Bone Marrow
Thymus
Eosinophils
Prelymphocytes
Il-10
TH2 T-cells
Regulatory T cell
(T-reg)
Macrophages
TH1-cells
Il-12
TH-cells
Function
-Released from
Macrophages during
infection to
stimulate
endothelium to
express P and E
selectins
-Stimulates
endothelium to
release chemokines
-Recruit phagocytes
to site of infection
-Promote
differentiation of Tcells
-Naïve T-cells have
a poor Il-2 receptor,
but after antigen
activation and costimulation, it is
improved
-Promote IgE
release
-Suppress TH1 cell
-With lack of IL-12,
TH2 cells release IL4 to self stimulate
Activate eosinophils
Stimulates
prelymphocyte
development
Inhibits TH1
-Activates TH-1 cell
differentiation
(absence means TH2 differentiates)
-Activates NK cells
Others
TNF-
Epithelium
Macrophages
-Draws in
leukocytes
TNF-B aka
Lymphotoxin (LT)
TH-1 Cells
Endothelial cells
IFN-
TH-1 Cells
TH-2 cells
Nearby cells
Arachidonic
derivatives
(leukotrienes and
prostaglandins)
Mast cell granules
(histamine)
TGF-
Lots of cells
Name
B cells
Where it is
CD3
T-cell
CD4
Helper T-cells
CD8
Helper T-cells
CD40
APC/B-cells
CD40L
Stimulated T-cell
CD28
T-cell
What its ligand is
CDs
Its attatched the the
TCR
MHC II (with
protein antigen)
(chemoattractant
-Major innate
modulator
Paracrine (local
cells) making
endothelial cells
change their
selectins patterns to
draw in
macrophages
-Activates localized
antiviral response
-Inhibits TH2
-Activates
macrophages
-Leads to antibody
response (IgG
Inflammation
Inflammatory
(allergies)
Promotes IgA
production
Function
It is one of the
signalling molecules
Makes them specific
for extracellular
antigens
MHC I (with protein Makes them specific
antigen)
for intracellular
antigen
CD40L
-Stimulates CD-40L
on T cells
-Stimulates B-cells
CD40
Costimulation for tcells (differentiation
of naïve t-cells)
B7
Costimulation of tcells(differentiation
of naïve t-cells)
CD21
B-cell
C3b
Second signal for
activation of naïve
B-cell
CD32
B-cell
Fc- region of
Feedback inhibition
antibodies
for antibodies
*Note CD 80 and 86 are discussed under their common names in the next section
Other Cell-membrane associated Ligands
TLR-2
Innate immunity
Gram positive cell
Activates
cells
wall components
macrophages to
gram positive
bacteria
TLR-4
Innate Immunity
LPS on gram
Activates
cells
negative bacteria
Macrophages to
gram negative
bacteria
B7-1 (CD80)
APCs
CD28
Costimulate t-cells
B7-2 (CD86)
APCs
CD28
Costimulate t-cells
P/E Selectins
Endothelial cells
Leukocytes
Causes rolling of
around injury
leukocytes around
injury
L Selectins
Endothelial cells in
Leukocytes
Keeps them in
lymphoid tissues
lymph tissues
T-cells
Part
of
TCR
Signals for TCR
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