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Assignment Seventeen - Solutions
File name: 8ss17
Marks: /40 marks
Section A: Multiple Choice - ______/15 marks
Section B: Definitions - _______/10 marks
Section C: Short Answer - ______/15 marks
ASSIGNMENT TOTAL: _______/40 marks
Section A - Multiple Choice (15 marks)
Read each of the following questions below and then choose the BEST answer by
highlighting your choice. Each question is worth one mark.
1. Moctezuma spent a restless night trying to decide what to do about the strangers
who had arrived in the tall ships. Should the Aztecs welcome them or prepare
themselves for a fight? What was Moctezuma’s final decision?
 He ordered that all Aztecs throughout the territory prepare themselves for battle.
 He ordered his scouts to continue watching the strangers carefully from afar.
 He allowed his council of advisors to vote on the issue since he was undecided.
 He sent a welcoming party with valuable gifts to meet and greet
the strangers. (page 215)
2.




Which young conquistador was responsible for the invasion of the Aztecs?
Julio Juanes
Christopher Columbus
Hernan Cortes (page 216)
Carlos Velazquez
3. Choose the correct formula that the conquistadors used on their missions to annex
territories in the name of Spain.
 meet the Indigenous people – assess their strengths and weaknesses – make
friends with the Indigenous peoples- gain their trust – share the natural resources
with them. – fight if necessary



meet the Indigenous people - assess their strengths and
weaknesses – seize and threaten their leaders – fight if
necessary – force the people into slavery – go on to take over the
next territory the same way (page 218)
meet the Indigenous people – seize and threaten their leaders - assess their
strengths and weaknesses – take all the natural resources – sail back to Spain,
never to return to this land again
meet the Indigenous people – gain their trust – force all the people into slavery –
assess their strengths and weaknesses – move on to the next annexed territory –
come back periodically to conquer this area again
4. When you show a relationship between something that happens and the result of
what happens, you are discussing a _________________________ relationship.
 cause and effect (page 220)
 reason and impact
 hypothesis and result
 beginning and ending
5. Why did the Spanish conquistadors believe that the Caribbean would be a good
place to begin their annexations?
 They thought that they would find many natural resources to take home.
 They thought that they would find a large labour force that they could enslave.
 They thought that they would find large plots of land to claim in the name of
Spain.
 They thought that they would find a wealth of precious metals in
this region. (page 217)
6. As a young Man, which adventurer did Cortes admire for his achievements and
fame?
 Christopher Columbus (page 216)
 Francis Drake
 Ferdinand Magellan
 Yuri Gagarin
7. Which small Caribbean island did Cortes conquer as part of a small expedition of
300 men?
 Mexica
 Sakhalin
 Cuba (page 217)
 Cariba
8. In this workbook, you considered the various ways in which a culture considers
an individual to be a hero. Which person was offered as an example of a modern
Canadian hero?
 John A. Macdonald
 Romeo Dallaire (page 218)
 Wayne Gretzky
 Pierre Trudeau
9. Which of the following statements about Cortes’ arrival in Mexico is TRUE?
 Cortes established a town called La Villa Rica de la Veracruz.
(page 222)
 Cortes sent eleven ships laden with gold back home to Spain.
 Cortes negotiated a temporary peace agreement with Moctezuma.
 Cortes sent his scouts ahead to attack the Mayan people first.
10. Which of the following statements about Spanish and Aztec weapons is TRUE?
 Both the Spanish and the Aztecs used skilled horsemen in their armies.
 The Spanish used the war clubs, while the Aztecs used steel swords.
 The Aztecs used the war clubs, while the Spanish used steel
swords. (page 223)
 Both the Spanish and the Aztecs used the dreaded atlatl skilfully.
11. Many of the Aztec ambassadors leaped into the sea when the Spanish began using
these weapons that the Aztecs had never seen before: ________________.
 horses
 muskets (page 224)
 bows and arrows
 atomic bombs
12. As outlined in the text, what was the main controversy surrounding the use of
atomic bombs during World War Two?
 Should the Americans have dropped only one atomic bomb instead of two?
 Should the Americans have used the atomic bombs against the Germans instead
of the Japanese?
 Should the Americans have used atomic bombs at all against
their enemies? (page 225)
 Should the Germans have used atomic weapons against the Japanese?
13. An epidemic broke out in Tenochtitlan at a critical point in time that weakened
the Aztec ability to withstand the onslaught of the Spanish. What disease was it?
 tuberculosis
 scurvy
 measles
 smallpox (page 227)
14. Why did the epidemic mentioned in the previous question have such a broad
impact on the Aztecs?
 Because of their strong sense of pride, the Aztecs refused any medical help that
the Spanish doctors offered to fight the disease.
 The Spanish had deliberately brought this disease with them for the sole purpose
of infecting the Aztec people, in hopes of creating an epidemic.
 This was a new disease brought in by the Spanish and the Aztecs
had no immunity or resistance built up to fight against it. (page
227)
 The medicines that were created by the Aztec shamans to combat the disease did
not take effect fast enough and many people died.
15. What United Nations organization is charged with monitoring health crises all
over the world?
 WHO (page 228)
 MEDIC
 CSIS
 HEALTHOP
Section B - Definitions (10 marks)
Using your own words, write definitions for the given terms and phrases in the spaces
provided. Each definition will be worth one mark. An example has been given to help
you get started.
Example:
clergy – people ordained to perform religious services for their communities
1. cause - an event or series of events that lead to something happening
2. effect - the result or consequence of one or more causes or events
3. epidemic - a rapidly-spreading disease that affects many people at the
same time
4. musket - a long rifle-like gun that was fired by bracing it against one’s
shoulder
5. worldview - the knowledge, values, and attitudes that influence how a
person interacts with the world
6. Hernan Cortes - the Spanish conquistador responsible for conquering
the Aztec empire on behalf of Spain
7. pandemic - when a highly contagious disease affects many people
over a large geographical region
8. conquistador - the Spanish word for “any hero who led
expeditions to imperialize other lands”
9. Moctezuma - the emperor or ‘great speaker’ of the Aztec people
10. empire - a union of dispersed states and unrelated people under one
rule
Section C – Short Answer (15 marks)
Answer the questions below USING COMPLETE SENTENCES (½ mark will be
deducted for every question that uses incomplete sentences). The value for each is in
parentheses at the end of the question.
1. What is the difference between an epidemic and a pandemic? (2 marks)
An epidemic is a rapidly-spreading disease that affects
many people at the same time in a region, and a
pandemic is the highly contagious disease that affects
many people over a large geographical region. (Pages 227
and 228)
2. Explain three reasons why the inevitable battle between the Spanish and
the Aztecs was an unequal fight? (3 marks)
(from pages 223, 224, and 226)
 The Spanish could use mounted riders on horses to
battle the Aztecs who were on foot. (The Aztecs had
never seen horses before.)
 The Spanish used swords, while the Aztecs were still
using bows and arrows and war clubs.
 While using the sword, the Spanish soldier could use a
shield or dagger in the other hand. Aztecs had to use
both hands to wield the heavy war clubs. This made the
Aztec soldier more vulnerable.
 The Spanish had muskets and cannons, while the Aztecs
did not have advanced weapons like this.
 The Aztecs used regular wooden spears, while the
Spanish used the halberds, spears outfitted with axe
heads.
 The Aztecs used atlatls, but the Spanish had more
advanced crossbows to use against the Aztecs.
 The Spanish came with cannons and muskets and the
Aztecs did not have weapons that could compete with
these arms.
 The Spanish warriors used armor which gave them
added protection. The Aztecs did not wear armor.
3. Why did King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain probably know
about and approve the use of the Conquistadors’ Formula? (1 mark)
This formula was successful and it helped expanded Spain’s
empire. It also brought in the gold and silver the Spanish
wanted and supplied them with new religious converts and a
slave labor force. (pages 217 and 218)
4. Define “culture” and provide one example. (1 mark)
Culture is defined as the customs, civilizations and
achievements of a particular time or people. Examples may
be the Spanish, the Aztec people, Canadian culture, American
culture, etc.
5.
In the Spanish-Aztec battles, why was the use of horses such a valuable
weapon? (1 mark)
Horses were a valuable element of surprise because the
Aztecs had never seen horses before. Also, using a horse gave
the Spanish soldier the advantage of being mounted and
fighting an enemy who was on foot. Horses gave the Spanish
the advantage because of their speed, size, and power. (page
226)
6.
TRUE or FALSE (highlight one) The Spanish brought European
diseases to the New World, but upon returning to Spain, they also brought
North American diseases back to Europe. (1 mark)
7. Why do you think Cortes made a point of using and showing his muskets
and cannons first when he engaged the Aztecs in battle? (1 mark)
Cortes made a point of showing the power of these weapons
at the beginning of any battle in hopes of scaring the Aztecs.
It was effective because the Aztecs had never seen such
advanced weaponry. (page 224)
8. In your opinion, do you think technology or disease played a larger role in
the collapse of the Aztec empire? Provide three reasons for your answer.
(3 marks)
Possible student answers to support ‘technology:’

Due to the advanced weaponry that the Spanish used,
the battle the Aztecs waged was futile – it was an
unequal fight.
 The advanced weaponry also gave the Spanish the
element of surprise because the Aztecs were expecting
to fight an enemy that would use the same traditional
weapons that they did.
 The more primitive weapons of the Aztecs were no
match for the advanced weapons of the Spanish.
Possible student answers to support ‘disease:’


Because the disease depleted the Aztec fighting force,
the Spanish had to contend with far fewer Aztec soldiers
than expected. This gave the Spanish an advantage in
numbers.
Because the disease was unknown, the Aztecs believed
that this was yet another weapon that the Spanish had
used deliberately. They were afraid of what else the
Spanish might use against their people.

Smallpox was devastating. Even the Spanish were
surprised by the vast effect the disease had on the Aztec
population.
9. Complete the cause-and-effect chart below by providing correct
information in the empty squares. (2 marks)
Cause
Effect
Major Result
The Spanish bring
The Aztecs lose the
The Aztecs fear
horses with them to help these animals that
battle to the Spanish.
invade the Aztecs.
they have never
seen. It is difficult
to win against a
mounted rider who
fights from above
with advanced
weapons.
The Aztecs die because
The Spanish bring
smallpox with them they have no immunity
to this European disease
to the New World
and the disease
spreads to the
Aztecs.
The disease impacts the
battle the Aztecs are
able to wage against the
Spanish.