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Tropical (Equatorial) Rain Forest (TRF) Conditions Constraints vs. Opportunities What are the locational characteristics of TRF? • at equator • around 5 degrees north or south • occasionally extends to 20 degrees Atmospheric Conditions • Heavy precipitation (around 3000mm/year) • convectional rainfall • high temperature • lack of seasonality • small annual range of temperature Hydrospheric Conditions • Large discharge and large baseflow • Large underground flow Soil • Oxisol • fine texture Why? Answer: chemical weathering • infertile and slightly acidic Why? Answer: Precipitation > Evaporation • heavy leaching Why? Answer: Precipitation > Evaporation • hard pan Opportunities in TRF Favourable climate Suitable for plant growth and farming Luxuriant hard Suitable for woods building and making furniture High species Rich gene pool diversity which is good for food and medication Oxisols are Rich in iron and common aluminum which is good for mining Constraints in TRF Too hot and too humid Unfavourable working conditions Spread of insects, bacteria and diseases Silting Hinders navigation and construction of HEP stations Dense vegetation Reduce accessibility Not pure stands Infertile soil Not good for lumbering Not favourable for plant growth