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Skeletal System Overview Normal and Abnormal Physiology Bones are alive These are dead bones These are living bones Bones are alive Living bones: Form Grow Repair Remodel Move at joints (with help from muscles) Skeletal System Overview – Structure System = Skeletal Organs = Bones + Joints Newborns have 270 individual bones Adults have 206 individual bones Joints include bone, muscle, tendons, ligaments and cartilage Tissues = Various Connective Bone = compact bone; spongy bone Cartilage = hyaline cartilage; fibrocartilage Tendons and ligaments = dense regular Skeletal System Overview – Functions Movement Involves (2) or more bones at joints Variety of joint types provides a variety of movement types Protection Skull and ribs Support You would be an ameoba without it Mineral Storage Stores calcium required by nerves and muscles Blood Cell Formation In bone marrow Skeletal System – Normal Function Skeletal System Normal Function Movement Protection Support Mineral Storage Blood Cell Production Skeletal System- Abnormal Function Skeletal System Injury Abnormal Function Bone Joint No/Limited Disease Infection Cancer Genetic Environmental Developmental Movement Support Protection Mineral Storage Blood Cells Skeletal System Abnormalities - Injury Bone Fractures – simple or compound Loss of support and movement Ligament – tear or strain Bone to bone connection Loss of joint stability Tendon – tear or strain Bone to muscle connection Movement impaired Cartilage – tear Loss of joint stability Interferes with normal movement Skeletal System Abnormalities – Disease Cancer Abnormal Cell Growth Damages bone structure Can spread to other tissues Skeletal System Abnormalities – Developmental Joint Formation Lumbosacral agenesis Improper vertebral joints impair movement Skeletal System Abnormalities – Genetic/Environmental Scoliosis Abnormal curvature of spine Caused by multiple factors Produces painful/limited movement Skeletal System Abnormalities – Genetic/Environmental Rheumatoid Arthritis Autoimmune disease – body attacks its own tissues Damages joint tissue Pain and abnormal structure interferes with normal movement Skeletal System Abnormalities – Genetic Gigantism Abnormal skeletal growth 10+ different forms of gigantism Genetic cause Five siblings/same family Skeletal System Abnormalities – Genetic Dwarfism Abnormal skeletal growth 20+ different forms of dwarfism Genetic cause Skeletal System Abnormalities – Multiple Causes Osteoporosis ‘Pores in the bone’ Caused by loss of calciumbased matrix Weakened bones are more prone to fracture Aging, diet and various diseases can be the cause Skeletal System Unit Introduction/Abnormal Physiology Examples Bones – Anatomy and Physiology Joints – Anatomy and Physiology Orthopedic Problems Model Specific Joint Specific Injury, Condition, Disease
