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Roman Theatre Objectives After studying this chapter, the student should be able to: Identify major writers and conventions of Roman comedy. Identify tragic playwrights and the role of tragedy in Roman theatre. Compare and contrast popular entertainment and theatre. Identify the role of the actor in Roman theatre. Identify the characteristics of the theatre building and scenic elements in Roman theatre. Lecture Topics How did popular entertainment influence Roman theatre? What influences led to the development of Roman comedy? What led to the decline of Roman theatre? Discussion Topics How is Roman popular entertainment similar to today’s entertainment? How does Roman new comedy compare to situational comedies on television today? Was Terence the first black playwright? How did theatre architecture change from Greece to Rome? What did Horace contribute to dramatic criticism? Multiple-Choice Please choose the answer that best completes each sentence. 1. What was the first major Roman festival to incorporate theatre? *A. Ludi Romani B. City Dionysia C. Corpus Christi D. Mardi Gras 2. Who was the most popular of all Roman comic writers? *A. Plautus B. Seneca C. Horace D. Menander 3. Who is sometimes called “The Roman Aristotle” because of his work in dramatic criticism? A. Plautus *B. Horace C. Terence D. Aristophanes 4. ______________ was the chief Roman tragic writer; there is strong speculation that his plays were never performed. A. Terence B. Plautus C. Euripides *D. Seneca 5. Roman theatre focused primarily on: *A. comedies B tragedies C melodramas D mysteries 6. ____________________________was improvised and dealt with exaggerated family problems. A. Ludi Romani *B. Atellan faarce C. Roman tragedy D. Naumachiae 7. _______________________ were sea battles staged on lakes or other bodies of water. *A. Naumachiae B. Epodes C. Menaechmi D. Thyestes 8. The most renowned Roman amphitheatre was the: A. Circus Maximus B. Ludi Romani *C. Colosseum D. Theatre of Zeus 9. _________________________ required a single dancer, a chorus, and musical accompanists. A. Satires *B. Pantomime C. Cavea D. Decorum 10. The Roman version of the theatron was the: A. scaena B. orchestra C. pulpitum *D. cavea 11. The popular Roman playwright who was admired for his Latin dialogue, poetic meters, and witty jokes was: *A. Plautus B. Meander C. Aristophanes D. Horace 12. Which is true of the theatre of the Roman Empire: A. The auditorium was built on a slope. *B. The stage house and auditorium were joined to form a single architectural unit. C. The orchestra was a full circle and was used for seating dignitaries. D. The stage was small by modern standards. 13. The basic scenic background in the Roman theatre was the: A. skene B. ekkyklema *C. scaenae frons D. deus ex machine 14. The chief means of differentiating place in the Roman theatre was the: *A. periaktoi B. skene C. ekkyklema D. deus ex machine 15. The four stock characters Bucco, Pappus, Maccus, and Dossenus originated with: A. Old Comedy *B. Atellan Farce C. Satire D. Aristophanes' comedies 16. _____________________, possibly the first Black playwright, stressed characterization, subtlety of expression and elegant language. *A. Terence B. Plautus C. Seneca D. Phaedria 17. Horace argued that writers should: A. entertain the audience B. instruct the audience *C. Both A and B D. Neither A nor B 18. The idea that language and actions must fit traditional ideas of suitable behavior for the character is known as: A. verisimilitude *B. decorum C. dominus D. cavea 19. The _______________, an actor who was head of a troupe, made financial arrangements and bought dramas from playwrights. A. quintus B. decorum C. pulpitum *D. dominus 20. The Roman ________________ was two or three stories high and was used for storage and dressing space. *A. scaena B. cavea C. orchestra D. theatron 21. Much of what scholars know about Roman theatre architecture came from A. Aristotle B. Terence *C. Marcus Vitruvius D. Titus Plautus 22. Which of the following is true of mime performances? A. They were extremely lengthy. *B. They were risque. C. Their troupes included only men. D. All of the above 23. In the fourth century, the Christian Church A. promoted theatre as a teaching tool for the masses. B. approved of theatre as entertainment. *C. opposed theatre. D. remained neutral toward theatre. 24. Which of the following is true of Roman theatre? A. Plays were held outdoors. B. There was a large, raised stage. C. The orchestra was shaped in a half circle. *D. All of the above 25. Roman theatre differs from Greek theatre in that *A. all elements of the Roman theater building were connected. B. Roman theatre used exclusively male actors, while Greek theatre used men and women. C. Roman actors performed as a volunteer civic responsibility, while Greek actors were professionals. D. All of the above True/False Please choose whether the statement is true or false. 26. The Christian church was a contributing factor in the decline of theatre toward the end of the Roman Empire. *True False 27. Roman theatre focused mainly on tragedy. True *False 28. The most important influence on Roman theatre was Greek theatre. *True False 29. The first major Roman festival to incorporate theatre was dedicated to Jupiter. *True False 30. Roman playwrights were not influenced by the work of Greek playwrights. True *False 31. Historians estimate that after the mid-third century, Roman theatrical presentations were staged on one hundred days of the year. *True False 32. Seneca was a great comic playwright whose work influenced situational comedies today. *True False 33. Horace’s Ars Poetica is the only existing Latin treatise on dramatic criticism. *True False 34. There were no permanent theatres for presenting the works of Plautus and Terence. *True False 35. The Roman theaters were roofed, with a smaller, more intimate playing space than was typically found in Greece. True *False Essays 36. Trace the decline of Roman theatre. 37. Compare and contrast the Ludi Romani with the City Dionysia.