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African Government and Econ Study Guide Complete the table: Country: Government: Kenya -Republic -Parliamentary Democracy -Legislature is unicameral-one house called the National Assembly Economy (include the currency type): Mixed Economy Focus on commercial farming and cotton/textile manufacturing Currency-Shilling Nigeria Federal Republic Government corruption due to the amount of oil profits Mixed Economy with government corruption. Specialize in the oil industry Currency- Naira Sudan Dictatorship but has an elected legislature Mixed-Command Economy Currency-Sudanese Pound South Africa Republic Parliamentary Democracy Bicameral-two houses in the legislative branch Mixed-Market Economy Specialize in service industry, gold and diamonds Currency-Rand 1. Which 3 questions do all economic systems have to answer? What to produce? How to produce? For whom to produce? 2. What does ECOWAS stand for? What was their goal? The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) is a regional group of fifteen West African countries that joined together to improve their economies. 3. What natural trade barriers are most prominent in Africa? Sahara Desert and Rainforest 4. Why are exchange rates needed? Currencies have different values and the exchange rate determines how the values convert so that countries can trade. 5. How does a Federal government distribute power? Federal-Power is shared between the central government and local governments. For example the U.S has a central government in Washington D.C and we have local governments in Atlanta and Lawrenceville that share responsibilities. 6. Describe the 2 types of Democracies. Parliamentary-citizens vote for the legislative branch (Parliament) and they select the Prime Minister Presidential- citizens vote directly for the President. 7. How has oil impacted Nigeria’s government and economy? Oil has brought large profits but has created government corruption. 8. Who decides what is produced in a market economy? Individuals/consumers 9. Who decides what is produced in a command economy? government 10.Most governments have what type of economy? Mixed economies where there are private businesses and consumers have choices but the government protects the consumers. How would you describe this type of economy? Mixed economies where there are private businesses and consumers have choices but the government protects the consumers. 11.What is the main reason Africa has so many health issues today? Unstable governments, poverty, Drugs are very expensive 12.In Nigeria’s government, power is divided between Central and regional authorities. This is an example of which government type? Federal 13.Kenya is a Republic. Sudan and South Africa are also Republics. Compare and contrast these three republics. See chart on front page Although Sudan is a republic it is actually a dictatorship so the ruler makes all of the decisions. 14.What are the effects AIDS has on the African continent? Increase in the number of orphans, millions of deaths 15.Why is malaria problematic in Africa? There is no immunization. The best way to prevent malaria is through insecticides and nets. 16.How does the literacy rate vary in countries in Africa? Men have a higher literacy rate than women. Kenya and South Africa have higher literacy rates than Sudan. Higher literacy rate often means a higher standard of living and a higher GDP. 17.Is there a difference between an autocratic and unitary government? YES Autocratic means that the country is ruled by one person. Unitary means that the country is organized in one central location. Definition: One ruler controls Example: 18. Autocratic the country. Citizens have no Sudan rights. 19. Oligarchy 20. Democratic A small group of people control the country. South Africa before 1994 (Apartheid) Parliamentary Presidential Citizens vote and have personal freedoms South Africa, Kenya, and Nigeria Nigeria’s government is more corrupt because of its oil profits. How is the power distributed in a……. 21. Unitary Government? Central government distributes the power 22. Federal Government? Central government and local governments share/divide up power among them. 23. Confederate Government? Smaller local governments hold more power than the central government. 24. What is the difference between…… Parliamentary- Citizens vote Presidential- Citizens vote directly for the president. (Republic) for the legislature and the legislature selects the Prime Minister. (Republic) 27. Systems of government-How the government is organized (Distribution of power) 28. Types of Government-Citizen Participation (who rules…. Can the citizens vote or is there a dictator or small group of people that control the country. Additional Test Information Factors of economic growth? 1. Human Capital-training and education of the workers (Africa must invest in education) 2. Capital Goods- tools, machinery and technology 3. Entrepreneurship-Starting your own business or inventing something new. 4. Natural Resources Who benefits from trade barriers? 1. Domestic/Local businesses Study Guide Continued 1. Investing in the welfare and training of workers would be an investment in which factor of economic growth? Human Capital 2. What is often the relationship between literacy rate and standard of living? The higher the literacy rate the higher the standard of living 3. Who makes the decisions in an autocracy? The ruler 4. What is often the name of the leader in a Parliamentary Democracy? Prime Minister 5. What does Nigeria specialize in? Oil 6. What does unicameral mean? One law making body in the legislative branch 7. What major African country has a unicameral legislature? Kenya 8. How is the leader chosen in a Parliamentary Democracy different than a Presidential Democracy? Leader of a Parliamentary Democracy is selected by the legislative branch. Leader of a Presidential Democracy is elected directly by the citizens (in a separate vote than the legislature) 9. How are the literacy rates of boys different than girls in most African countries? Literacy rate for boys is higher than the literacy rate for girls 10. Who makes most of the decisions in Sudan’s government? President of the National Congress Party 11. What type of government did South Africa have during apartheid? Oligarchy 12. Why did countries have an embargo on South Africa? Because they disagreed with the policies of Apartheid so they blocked all trade with them. 13. What economic term means not having enough of a product (shortage)? Scarcity 14. What type of government has the legislative branch select the leader of the country? Parliamentary Democracy 15. What system of government does Nigeria have? Federal (Central and regional divide power) 16. How does the leader of South Africa get selected? Elected by the National Assembly 17. South Africa specializes in gold and diamonds but its economy depends primarily on which industry to increase its GDP? Service Industry 18. What economic system does South Africa have? Mixed Economy 19. What economic system is operated by consumers (individual choice), producers, and private businesses? Market Economy 20. What is a republic? People vote for representatives that make the laws and important decisions. How is Sudan’s government not a republic? People vote but the leader acts like a dictator 21. What type of government is controlled by a small group of people? Oligarchy 22. What helps prevent the spread of AIDS? Education and prevention 23. Why do countries need exchange rates? So they can trade (buy and sell) goods with countries that have different currencies. 24. How does specialization impact international trade? Allows countries to produce quality goods more efficiently making it easier to trade with other countries to get products that they cannot produce well within their country. 25. What is a tariff, quota, embargo, and sanction? Tariff-tax on imported goods (benefits businesses competing with imports) Quota-limit on imported goods Embargo-blockage of imported goods Sanctions-government restrictions on trade