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H Bio- Test Format: 60 points - multiple choice, matching and diagrams
Cell Reproduction Review
1. List 3 functions of mitosis
Growth, repair, replacement,
reproduction
2. How does DNA “fit” into a cell
Double helix wraps around histone
(ORDER smallest to largest)
proteins, Nucleosome, coil, supercoil,
chromosome
3. What are chromatids
Replicated chromosomes (visible
during cell division)
4. What is a centromere
Place where sister chromatids are
attached
5. 2n
Diploid cell
6. Somatic Cell
Diploid/body cell
7. Gamete
Haploid/sex cell
8. Autosome
Non-sex chromosome
9. Human 2n number
46
10. Human n number
23
11. 2 stages of the cell cycle
Interphase and Mitotic Phase
12. Stages of Interphase (in order)
G1, S, G2
13. DNA replication
S
14. Describe what is happening
P – chromatids become visible,
during each stage of mitosis
nucleoli and nuclear membrane
breakdown, centrosomes (with
centrioles in animals) move to
opposite poles, spindle fibers stretch
across cell
M- Centromere attaches to spindle
& sister chromatids meet in the
middle
A – centromere divides, chromosomes
move AWAY/APART
T- reverse of prophase
15. Describe cytokinesis in a plant
P – cell plate
and animal cell
A- cleavage furrow
16. What is cancer
Cells lose ability to control growth
rate
17. Define cell division
Single cell becomes two daughter
cells
18. Mitosis
Nuclear division
19. Which cells rarely undergo cell
division?
20. How do living things become
larger?
21. Differentiate between mitosis
and meiosis
Nerve and some muscle
22. Differentiate between
spermatogenesis and oogenesis
23. Differentiate between meiosis I
and meiosis II
24. What happens at the conclusion
of meiosis I
25. List 3 sources of genetic reassortment & when they occur
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
Holds tetrads together
XX
sperm cell
Tetraploid
Oogonia
G1
How do sperm cells move
Centriole/centrosome
34. Cytokinesis
35. As a wound begins to heal, what
Cells divide and become more
numerous
Mitosis
Meiosis
1 div
2 div
Body cells
sex cells
2 cells
4 cells
2n cells
n cells
Spermatogenesis
Oogenesis
Testes
Ovaries
4 sperm cells
1 egg cell
Equal division
Unequal division
Takes longer
Meiosis I
Meiosis II
Synapsis
Same as mitosis
Tetrads
Crossing over
Homologs separate
Homologous chromosomes separate,
chromosome number is reduced by
1/2
1. Crossing over during prophase I
2. Independent assortment during
metaphase I
3. Fertilization
Chiasmata (chiasma – x over point)
Female genotype (sex chromosomes)
Male haploid gamete
4n
Female germ cell
Cell growth and protein production
flagella
Grow spindle fibers to pull sister
chromatids apart
Division of the cytoplasm
Rate slows down
happens to cell division
36. What increases faster as a cell
becomes larger?
37. Why are small cells considered
more efficient than large cells?
38. Define cell division.
39. State on factor that can stop
normal cells from dividing?
40. Can controls on cell growth be
turned on and off?
41. What regulates the timing of the
cell cycle in eukaryotes?
42. What are growth factors?
43. Gametes have _ allele(s) for
each gene.
44. Gametes are produced by?
45. Programmed cell death?
46. Describe each stage of meiosis I in
detail.
47. Meiosis I is known as?
48. What is nondisjunction?
49. What is independent assortment? When
does it happen?
50. How is prophase I of meiosis different
then prophase of mitosis?
51. What is a tetrad? When do they form?
52. What type of cells are created by
meiosis?
53. What is synapsis? When does it occur
and what can it lead to?
54. What is genetic recombination?
Volume increases faster than surface
area
Large cells have trouble moving
needed substances in and wastes out
Process in which a cell divides into
two daughter cells
Contact with other cells
Yes
Cyclins
External regulators of the cell cycle
ONE
meiosis
apoptosis
Synapsis, tetrads, homologous
chromosomes, crossing over..
Reduction
Failure of chromosomes to separate
properly during anaphase leads to
cells with too many or too few
chromosomes
Random lining up of chromosomes
during metaphase
Synapsis – formation of tetrads,
pairing of homologous chromosomes
4 chromatids, 2 sets of sister
chromatids, pairing of homologous
chromosomes
Gametes, sex cells, haploid
Pairing of homologous chromosomes,
prophase I of meiosis, crossing over
(variety) Results from crossing over
(exchange of DNA between
homologous chromsomes),
55. What are the advantages and
disadvantages of sexual and asexual
reproduction?
independent assortment and
fertilization
a- no partner (clones -)
s – genetic variety (partner, risk of
stds -)
Label the following stages of meiosis (be sure to state stage and I or II)