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Chapter 19 Microbiology &
Biotechnology
OB65
investigate the presence of micro-organisms
in air and soil
OB67
list three common illnesses caused by viruses
and three caused by bacteria
OB65 investigate the presence of micro-organisms in air and soil
What is a micro-organism?
An organism in a single cell…
Examples of micro-organisms:
• Bacteria – e.g. E.coli, Samonella
• Virus - e.g. flu virus, HIV
OB65 investigate the presence of micro-organisms in air and soil
How “micro” is a micro-organism?
click on the image to find out…
OB65 investigate the presence of micro-organisms in air and soil
How do micro-organisms grow?
Each cell divides to give two/four/eight…..
click on the image to see…
OB65 investigate the presence of micro-organisms in air and soil
How can I see micro-organisms?
If micro-organisms are given the
right conditions, they will grow in
numbers large enough to let us
see a group of them…
OB65 investigate the presence of micro-organisms in air and soil
What conditions do micro-organisms
need in order to multiply?
Micro-organisms need:
•Food
•Correct temperature
•Suitable medium on which to grow…
www.juniorscience.ie
OB65 investigate the presence of micro-organisms in air and soil
What food do micro-organisms like?
Any source of carbohydrate and protein
e.g
Bovril, chicken stock, or milk…
www.junioscience.ie
OB65 investigate the presence of micro-organisms in air and soil
What is a suitable temperature?
Bacteria grow quickly between
300C and 400C
OB65 investigate the presence of micro-organisms in air and soil
What is a suitable medium?
Micro-organisms can be easily seen
growing in colonies if a clear medium is
used
e.g.
agar jelly
gelatin
OB65 investigate the presence of microorganisms in air and soil
How do I recognise micro-organisms?
Colonies of bacteria are seen as ‘blobs’ on the
surface of the medium…
OB65 investigate the presence of micro-organisms in air and soil
Different soils contain different bacteria
http://www.ceh.ac.uk/sections/epfs/Soilqualityandbiologicalindicators.htm
How does a virus spread from person to person
through the air?
http://library.thinkquest.org/26467/enviromental_health.htm
OB67 list three common illnesses caused by viruses and three
caused by bacteria
Name some common illnesses….
Common illnesses caused by microorganisms:
cold
food poisoning
meningitis
flu
bronchitis
AIDS
septic throat
OB67 list three common illnesses caused by viruses and three
caused by bacteria
Which are caused by bacteria and which by virus?
cold
food poisoning
meningitis
flu
bronchitis
AIDS
septic throat
click here to check your answers
OB67 list three common illnesses caused by viruses and three
caused by bacteria
BACTERIAL
VIRAL
food poisoning
cold
septic throat
flu
bronchitis
AIDS
meningitis can be caused by either
OB67 list three common illnesses caused by viruses and three
caused by bacteria
YOUR TASK:
find out which micro-organism causes the following:
ulcers
verucca
pneumonia
spots
warts
rabies
ANTIBIOTICS…
http://www.uio.no/conferences/imc7/NFotm2000/February2000.htm
these are chemical made by
some micro-organisms to kill
bacteria. Humans have learned
to use them as a medicine. With
that in mind, what is your
Penicillin is produced by the
answer to each of the
fungus we call ‘blue mould’
following?
• Why are we advised to eat natural yogurt
when we are taking antibiotics?
• Why is it useless to take antibiotics to try to
cure a cold or flu?
• Why is it important that we finish a course of
antibiotics fully?
This image is of a bird flu virus
BIRD FLU VIRUS…
an epidemic of flu began
spreading through the worlds
bird population in 2005. What is
your answer to the following?
http://www.influenza-pandemic.com/page1.html
•Why is it that the larger the flock of birds, the more
quickly the flu spreads among them?
Why does it spread more quickly in indoor flocks than in
outdoor flocks?
Why are all members of an infected flock slaughtered?
Do you know?
During World War One,
what caused the majority of deaths?
The flu – it killed over 20 million people
Biotechnology
OB66
State two uses of biotechnology in
industry and two uses of biotechnology
in medicine
OB66 state two uses of biotechnology in industry and two uses of
biotechnology in medicine
What is biotechnology?
Biotechnology
is the use of living things
to make products
OB66 state two uses of biotechnology in industry and two uses of
biotechnology in medicine
Some uses of biotechnology in…
Industry
Medicine
Yeast in alcohol production
Fungi in antibiotic production
Yeast in bread production
Bacteria in vaccinations
Bacteria in yogurt production
Enzymes in contact lens cleaners
Do you know more uses?