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Homework
• China Assignment #2 due tomorrow
• Castle Learning #3 due Thursday at
11:59pm.
• Quiz on China Tuesday.
I. Geography
– Huang He (yellow river)
birthplace of first cities during
Neolithic Revolution
• Irrigation (canals to bring
water to crops) for agriculture
• Transportation for trade
• Violent flooding, Huang He
has been called “China’s
Sorrow”
• Fertile land in the East, most
populated area in China
I. Geography
– Himalayan mountains and
Gobi Desert
• Have isolated China
– Led to Ethnocentrism
(China is “Middle
Kingdom” between
Heaven and Earth)
– Foreigners called
barbarians
• Limited cultural diffusion
– However Buddhism
spread from India to
China and then to
Korea and Japan
I. Geography
• Mountains and desert have
hindered trade
– Silk Road created
routes north of the
Himalayas promoted
cultural diffusion, silk
roads eventually led to
the spread of bubonic
plague from China to
Europe in the 1300s
during the Middle Ages
• Terrace farming used to
create agricultural land on
mountainous topography
II. Confucianism
– Focused on how to have a harmonious,
peaceful, and prosperous society, focus on
social order
– Stressed the 5 relationships
• Ruler to people, father to son, husband to
wife, older brother to younger brother,
friend to friend
– Patriarchal (male dominated society)
– Love for family (Filial Piety) and respect for
elders are important (ancestor worship)
– Community more important than yourself
(set the stage for communism in the future)
– Basis of civil service (government) exams
during dynasties
III. Taoism (Daoism): Founded
by Lao Tzu
• Nature worship, Wu Wei (go with the flow
like water)
– Artwork is focused on Nature
– Taoist priests created gunpowder by accident
while working on potion of immortality during
the Tang Dynasty
IV. Qin Dynasty
– Emperor Qin Shi Huang Di united China
– Claimed the Mandate of Heaven – God given
right to rule – Divine Right
– Forced labor to begin building the Great Wall
to keep Mongols out
– Used Legalism – strict/harsh laws and
punishments, reward loyal people, buried
Confucian scholars alive
V. Han Dynasty
– Considered a Golden Age of prosperity and
development
– Built roads for military
• Increased trade on silk roads
• Exported silk, porcelain, and tea / imported
horses and gold
– Invented Paper  travelled through Middle East into
Europe where it increased literacy and was used in
printing press in Europe
– Confucianism basis of education for government
leaders
• Civil service exams (3 days long)
• Strengthened the central government by
providing intelligent government employees
– Cultural diffusion through Korea into Japan
• Spread Chinese pictograph writing system, Zen
Buddhism, architecture, and Confucian education