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Number of Questions: 25
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Chapter 12 Practice Multiple Choice (PMC)
Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____ 1. Passenger pigeons
a. were used as fertilizer.
b. were good to eat.
c. were suffocated by burning grass or sulfur below their roosts.
d. all of these answers.
SECTION 12-1 SPECIES EXTINCTION
____ 2. If there are 100 million different species, the background rate of extinction is about _____
species per year.
a. 30
b. 100
c. 300
d. 1000
____ 3. A biologist is most likely to say that the passenger pigeon is
a. endangered.
b. locally extinct.
c. ecologically extinct.
d. biologically extinct.
____ 4. You are an ecologist studying alligators in the outback. You find that the population of
alligators is so depleted that organisms that depend on alligator holes for their survival are
also hurting. You would most likely label the alligators
a. threatened.
b. endangered.
c. locally extinct.
d. ecologically extinct.
____ 5. The grizzly bear and American alligator are
a. endangered species.
b. threatened species.
c. imported species.
d. overpopulated species.
____ 6. Small
a.
b.
c.
d.
populations of species
may be below the critical population density.
are vulnerable to catastrophic events.
may have a reduced evolutionary potential for survival.
all of these answers.
____ 7. The highest percentage of mammals at risk of becoming extinct in the near future are
a. apes and monkeys.
b. wild cats and dogs.
c. antelopes and cattle.
d. rodents.
____ 8. Bats are endangered for all of the following reasons except that
a. they live in habitats vulnerable to destruction.
b. they have a slow reproduction rate.
c. people are fearful of them.
d. people appreciate their ecological role.
SECTION 12-2 IMPORTIANCE OF WILD SPECIES?
____ 9. Economic services performed by wild species include
a. nitrogen-fixation.
b. production of medicines.
c. pollination of crops.
d. all of these answers.
____ 10. People who believe that wild species have an inherent right to exist generally believe that
species have
a. economic value.
b. extrinsic value.
c. intrinsic value.
d. utilitarian value.
SECTION 12-3 EXTINCTION THREATS FROM HABITAT LOSS AND DEGRADATION
____ 11. The cause of endangerment and extinction of wild species with the longest delay is
a. habitat fragmentation.
b. human population growth.
c. poaching and commercial hunting.
d. pollution.
____ 12. The greatest species terminator is habitat destruction of
a. coral reefs.
b. grasslands.
c. tropical forests.
d. deserts.
SECTION 12-4 EXTINCTION THREATS FROM NONNATIVE SPECIES
____ 13. Which of the following nonnative organisms account for the greatest annual economic loss?
a. zebra mussels
b. crop weeds
c. starlings
d. fire ants
____ 14. About _____ of the species on the U.S./ official list of endangered and threatened species
are there in part because of population declines caused by nonnative species.
a. 1/5
b. 1/4
c. 1/3
d. 1/2
____ 15. Water hyacinths can
a. absorb toxic chemicals in sewage treatment lagoons.
b. be fermented to form biogas fuel.
c. be used as a mineral and protein supplement in cattle feed.
d. all of these answers.
SECTION 12-5 EXTINCTION THREATS FROM HUNTING AND POACHING
____ 16. Which of the following is least responsible for the strong decline in elephant populations?
a. global climate change
b. legal ivory trade
c. habitat loss
d. poaching
SECTION 12-6 OTHER EXTINCTION THREATS
____ 17. Prairie dogs have almost been driven to extinction by
a. imported black-footed ferrets.
b. poison.
c. coyotes.
d. shotguns and rifles.
____ 18. Even
of
a.
b.
c.
d.
with the best management, wildlife reserves may be depleted in a few decades because
depletion of fossil fuels.
climatic change brought about by projected global warming.
demands for sport trophies.
biological magnification of pesticides.
____ 19. Which of the following bird species would least likely show the harmful effects of biological
magnification?
a. falcon
b. cardinal
c. pelican
d. sparrow hawk
SECTION 12-7 PROTECTING WILD SPECIES: THE RESEARCH AND LEGAL
APPROACH
____ 20. The Endangered Species Act of 1973
a. is one of the world's toughest environmental laws.
b. allows the use of endangered species for approved scientific purposes or if the use
enhances the survival of the species.
c. authorizes identification of endangered species solely on a biological basis.
d. all of these answers.
____ 21. Identification and listing of endangered species is done by the
a. Fish and Wildlife Service.
b. Environmental Protection Agency.
c. National Park Service.
d. Department of the Interior.
SECTION 12-8 PROTECTING WILD SPECIES: THE SANCTUARY APPROACH
____ 22. Seed
a.
b.
c.
d.
gene banks are
refrigerated environments with low humidity.
refrigerated environments with high humidity.
warm environments with low humidity.
warm environments with high humidity.
____ 23. A drawback of gene banks, arboreta, and botanical gardens is that
a. there is not enough funding to provide storage of all endangered species.
b. there is too little storage capacity.
c. seeds in storage do not evolve and therefore become less fit for reintroduction into a
changed environment.
d. all of these answers.
____ 24. Captive breeding programs in zoos
a. eliminate the need to preserve critical habitats.
b. can be used for most species except mammals.
c. increase the genetic variability of species.
d. require the captive population to number between 100 and 500.
____ 25. Moderate-size, old-growth forest refuges are required by
a. early-successional species.
b. mid-successional species.
c. late-successional species.
d. wilderness.