Download Chapter 11 section 3

Life During the Civil War
CHAPTER 11 SECTION 3
THE WARTIME ECONOMIES
The South’s economy was more negatively
affected by the war, but the North experienced
problems also.
 This ties back to some of the advantages the
North had prior to the war (do you remember?)
 Key problems in the South were:
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
Collapse of transportation networks
 Few
railroads to start and those destroyed
 Northern blockade of ports and control of key rivers
 This matters because it damages Southern morale. Why are
they fighting for a government that can’t even provide food?
 Bread riots in Richmond and other cities
SHORTAGES IN THE SOUTH
THE UNION’S WAR BOOM

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Providing supplies for the
war caused industries to
grow (clothes, weapons,
ammunition)
Industries could get
government contracts to
provide uniforms, etc.
Spurred innovation in
agriculture


Have to do something to
produce crops with no
physical labor to harvest
them
Mechanical reaper
AFRICAN AMERICANS IN THE MILITARY
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The Emancipation
Proclamation made it
possible for African
Americans to officially
enlist in the Union army.
Thousands signed up
hoping it would help end
discrimination and
increase respect
54th Massachusetts
regiment was the first
African American
regiment officially
organized in the North.
MILITARY LIFE
Hardships on both
sides; food was often
scarce or of poor quality
Often didn’t have shoes or
blankets
Would kill livestock or take
food from fields and
farms they passed as
they marched

BATTLEFIELD MEDICINE

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What happens to the soldiers
who died?
No knowledge of germs or how
infections are spread from
person to person
Soldiers who didn’t get injured
were often weakened by
diseases (dysentery, typhoid,
pneumonia)
Often amputated limbs to
prevent gangrene

“As a wounded man was lifted
on the table, often shrieking
with pain…the surgeon quickly
examined the wound and
resolved upon cutting off the
wounded limb. Some ether was
administered…the surgeon
snatched the knife from
between his teeth, where it had
been while his hands were busy,
wiped once or twice across his
blood-stained apron, and the
cutting began. The operation
accomplished, the surgeon
would look around with a deep
sigh, and then –’Next!”
WOMEN IN THE WAR

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Took over the jobs of men who
had gone off to war
Created Ladies’ Aid Societies to
make bandages, blankets, socks
Also served as spies such as
Pauline Cushman & Elizabeth Van
Lew. Harriet Tubman also
Army nurses had traditionally
been men
Clara Barton



Founder of the American Red Cross
Was inspired by Florence
Nightingale, a British nurse
Civil War considered a turning point
for the nursing profession in the
war.
MILITARY PRISONS


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
Early in the war there were
formal prisoner exchanges
The Confederacy
announced after the
Emancipation Proclamation
that it will kill or re-enslave
any captured African
American soldiers
Lincoln stops the exchanges
in response
Leads to large numbers of
prisoners of war

Most famous (infamous)
prison was in Gerogia at
Andersonville





An open camp
Terrible (even for a prison
camp) conditions
More than 100 men per day
died
45,000 prisoners and 13,000
died there
Henry Wirz, the commander in
charge, is the only person
executed for war crimes after
the Civil War