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STDs Sexually Transmitted Diseases TEKS: HE.7B 5/14/2017 1 What the difference is between Bacterial infections and Viral infections? Bacterial infections can be treated with antibiotics. If treated early enough, there will be no long-term effects. Viral infections can not be treated with antibiotics. Once they are in they body, they don’t go away. Any medication taken is for the symptoms only. The virus will still be there. What does it mean to be asymptomatic? It means there may not be any symptoms, but the infection can still be spread from person to person. 5/14/2017 2 People can have and spread an STD even if they have NO SYMPTOMS ! 5/14/2017 3 Symptoms for People with a Penis 5/14/2017 Symptoms for People with a Vagina People can have and spread STDs even if they have NO SYMPTOMS! 4 Chlamydia in Travis County Chlamydia is the most frequently reported bacterial STD in the United States with 1,441,789 cases reported to CDC in 2014. Chlamydia is known as a "silent" disease because the majority of infected people have no symptoms. If untreated, chlamydia infections can progress to serious reproductive and other health problems with both short-term and long-term consequences. Travis County recorded 7,230 new cases of chlamydia in 2014. The majority of reported chlamydia cases were females (124% more than males) and most were Hispanic (43%). 5/14/2017 5 Gonorrhea in Travis County Gonorrhea is the second most commonly reported disease in the United States with 350,062 reported in 2014. Travis County reported 2,206 new cases of gonorrhea in 2014. Gonorrhea is most frequently reported among males. African American people have consistently had the highest rates of gonorrhea over the past decade in Travis County. In 2014, the majority of reported gonorrhea cases were diagnosed among people 15 to 29 years old. 5/14/2017 6 Symptoms for People with a Penis 5/14/2017 Symptoms for People with a Vagina People can have and spread STDs even if they have NO SYMPTOMS! 7 Symptoms for People with a Penis (1st stage) (2nd stage) Symptoms for People with a Vagina (1st stage) (2nd stage) People can have and spread STDs even if they have NO SYMPTOMS! 5/14/2017 8 Syphilis in Travis County Syphilis has often been called "the great imitator" because so many of the signs and symptoms are indistinguishable from those of other diseases. Syphilis can be treated at any stage of the disease, but if left untreated can be fatal. Travis County reported 193 new cases of primary and secondary syphilis in 2014. Primary and secondary syphilis is most frequently reported among males. At the beginning of the decade, cases were most frequently seen in 25-29 year olds. In 2014, that remained true, however there have been increases in every age group over 14 years old. 5/14/2017 9 Symptoms for People with a Penis Symptoms for People with a Vagina People can have and spread STDs even if they have NO SYMPTOMS! 5/14/2017 10 Symptoms for People with a Penis Symptoms for People with a Vagina People can have and spread STDs even if they have NO SYMPTOMS! 5/14/2017 11 Symptoms for People with a Penis Symptoms for People with a Vagina 5/14/2017 People can have and spread STDs even if they have NO SYMPTOMS! 12 HIV in Travis County In 2014, 4,405 people were diagnosed with HIV in Texas. 244 of those were in Travis County In 2014 males accounted for 81.3% of the total HIV cases. In 2014 in Texas, Whites/Other made up 20.9% while African Americans comprised 37.4% and Hispanics comprised 37.5% of new HIV diagnoses. By age group, HIV diagnoses peak in persons 20-29 years old. 5/14/2017 13 AIDS in Travis County In 2014, 2,254 newly diagnosed cases of AIDS were reported in Texas. In 2013, 93% of the newly diagnosed AIDS cases were male. In 2013, 24% were Whites, 48% were African American, and 41% were Hispanic. In 2014 in the United States, the highest rate was for persons aged 4549 years followed by the rate for persons aged 40-44 years. 5/14/2017 14 Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome infections or illnesses that take advantage of a weakened immune system 5/14/2017 15 The Immune System: Helper T cells: white blood cells that activate the immune response when a pathogen enters the body. Healthy people carry about 500 – 1500 helper T cells in about 20 drops of blood The HIV virus attaches itself to the helper T cells forcing the T cells to make copies of the HIV. This is called replication. When a person’s white blood cell count gets below 200 per milliliter of blood, they are said to have AIDS. 5/14/2017 16 Fluids that transmit the HIV virus: 5/14/2017 17 5/14/2017 18 Sexual activity with an infected person •ABSTINENCE is the only 100% effective way to prevent HIV (and all other STDs) through sexual transmission. 5/14/2017 19 Sharing needles with an infected person 5/14/2017 20 • • • • 5/14/2017 injecting drugs or steroids sharing drug equipment or drug solutions sharing objects used for piercing or tattooing blood transfusion 21 Infected mother to infant before or during the birth process or breast feeding 5/14/2017 22 Testing for HIV: HIV antibodies may be found within 6 – 12 weeks after infected with HIV. In rare cases up to 6 months, for these tests to be accurate. 5/14/2017 23 2 tests given to test for HIV are: Elisa Test Western Blot Test When should you get tested for HIV? 5/14/2017 24 However… 5/14/2017 25 Even though there is no cure, ARV drugs can slow down the replication process allowing people with HIV to live longer, healthier lives than those who are infected with HIV who are not taking ARV drugs. 5/14/2017 26 It is VERY important to remember that people infected with HIV who are on ARV drugs can STILL TRANSMIT HIV! 5/14/2017 27 5/14/2017 28 5/14/2017 29