Download Sedimentary Rock with DR 2.2

Today’s Goal: What are the 3 types of sedimentary rock?
Warm-up:
Igneous Rock Review
Homework: DR 2.3 pp 40-43, Rock Cycle Quiz Friday
Agenda:
1.
2.
3.
PowerPoint Sedimentary Rocks
Sedimentary Rock ID Lab
DR 2.3 pp 40-43
Wrap-up:
rock.
Compare and contrast the 3 types of sedimentary
Chapter 2, Section 2:
Igneous Rock
Pages 36 to 39
1.
How does igneous rock form? _from cooling magma
2.
What is the Latin meaning for igneous? fire
3.
What two factors affect the type of igneous rock that can be formed? Composition of magma and the time it takes
the magma to cool.
ORGINS OF IGNEOUS ROCK
1. The material that igneous rock is made of is called _magma_.
2.
What are the three ways magma can form? ___rock is heated, pressure is released or when rock changes
composition
3.
Name and describe the three factors affect the formation of magma. Figure 1
a. ___Composition—what is contained in the magma (water or no water?)__________
b. ___Temperature—rise can cause minerals in a rock to melt—minerals have different melting points____
c. __ Pressure—high causes minerals to remain solid, if lowered then minerals can begin to melt___
4.
How does the composition of the magma affect the temperature at which it solidifies? _____________________
______when water combines with rock the composition changes causing the melting point to lower__________
COMPOSITION AND TEXTURE OF IGNEOUS ROCK
8. Explain how density and color relate to one another. _____Lighter colored rocks are less dense than
darker colored rocks_______________
9. What is a light colored rock called? ___felsic___________________
10. What minerals are the light colored rocks composed of? ____silicates and aluminum, potassium and
sodium________________
11. What is a dark colored rock called? __mafic_____________
12. What minerals are the dark colored rocks composed of? ___calcium, iron, magnesium—poor in
silicon_______
13. The longer it takes for a rock to cool and solidify, the more time ____crystals______ have to grow,
giving the rock a(n) ______coarse sized_______ grain.
14. The more quickly an igneous rock cools and solidifies the ___smaller_______ the grain.
15. Where will igneous rock that has cooled most quickly be found? ___________exterior of the
earth—near volcanoes___________
IGNEOUS ROCK FORMATIONS
16.Magma _____________intrudes_________________, or
pushes, into surrounding rock below the Earth’s surface to
create such formations as batholiths and sills.
17.Intrusive igneous rock usually has a(n) ____coarse
grained_____________ texture.
18.Igneous rock that forms from lava, or magma that erupts onto
the Earth’s surface, is called __extrusive____
19.Lava can either erupt or flow from long cracks in the Earth’s
crust called ___fissures____
20.When lava flows from fissures on the ocean floor at places
where tension is causing the ocean floor to be pulled apart, new
______ocean floor________ is formed.
cooled magma or lava
afic
elsic
black or dark grey
white or light beige
Iron (no silica)
Silica (quartz)
higher
lower
oarse
ine
orphyritic
slow
fast
2-stage
intrusive
extrusive
both
NO!
Igneous Rock ID
Rock Name:
Intrusive or Extrusive
Description
• Grain size and airbubbles (Y/N)
• Light colored(felsic) or dark
colored(mafic)
Granite
Intrusive
Rhyolite
Extrusive Felsic, fine grained, yes air bubbles
Basalt
Extrusive Mafic, fine grained, yes air bubbles
Pumice
Extrusive Felsic, fine grained, yes air bubbles
Obsidian
Extrusive Felsic, glass, no air bubbles
Porphryritic
Felsic, coarse grained, no air bubbles
Intrusive &Extrusive
Intermediate, fine and coarse grained,
no air bubbles
What do
these
pictures
have to do
with rocks?
Rocks can be
sedimentary, but never
sedentary!!!
A. Rock made of compacted
sediment that becomes
cemented together by
minerals
Sandstone
B. Example:
1) Weathering breaks small
pieces (sand grains) off of
larger rocks.
2) Grains are compacted
and cemented together
Sand grains cemented
(glued together) by
dissolved minerals
Sediment 
Weathering 
Fragments that are broken off larger
rocks by weathering
Can be physical (wind, water, ice,
gravity) or chemical (acid rain, etc.)
When sediment is deposited in layers and compacted,
sedimentary rock is formed.
_________________
Dissolved minerals become
a natural _________
cement
that
binds or glues the
rock together.
Cement can consist of
calcite, iron oxide, and
silica. It glues the
sediment together when it
dries and hardens.
Sedimentary rock forms at or
Earth’s surface.
near the…
Sediment is
deposited in layers
called strata.
The formation of rock layers is
stratification
called _______________.
Because of gravity, the bottom
layers are always oldest.
Remember, not all
sedimentary rocks
form in visible layers.
Clastic sedimentary rock
A. ___________________________
 forms from
cemented chunks of rock
Chemical sedimentary rock
B. ______________________________
 forms when
minerals crystallize out of solution, such as sea water
Organic sedimentary rock  forms from the
C. ___________________________
remains, or fossils, of plants and animals.
clastic sedimentary rock,
These are both examples of _________
because they are made of rock fragments.
clasts
In clastic sedimentary rocks, the texture is
determined by: the particles of sediment
Conglomerate
Sandstone
Shale
Gypsum
Microscopic
deposits
carbonate shells that
make up organic
limestone
Limestone
Fossiliferous limestone from
coral and other tiny shelled organisms)
arkose
Formed
from the dead, decayed remains
of plant
halite
material, especially at the bottom of a
swamp. Heat and pressure transform the
layers into coal.
clastic
coal
chemical
shale
organic
clastic
Rock Name:
Clastic, Chemical, or
Organic?
Description
Coarse, medium or fine grained, fossils or organic
material present, color
1)
Name: conglomerate
coarse
Texture: Composition:
pebbles
Origin:
stream
2)
Name: Fossil limestone
coarse
Texture: Composition:
shells
Origin:
ocean
3)
Name: limestone
Texture: Composition:
fine
Calcite crystals
Origin:
ocean
4)
Name: rock salt
no visible grains
Texture: Composition:
halite
Origin:
ocean evaporite
5)
Name: sandstone
medium
Texture: Composition:
sand grains
Origin:
beach or desert
6)
Name: shale
fine
Texture: Composition:
mud/clay
Origin:
pond or lake
7)
Name: bituminous coal
no visible grains
Texture: Composition:
dead plants
Origin:
swamp
6)
Name: conquina
coarse
Texture: Composition:
shells
Origin:
ocean
7)
Name: breccia
Coarse and sharp
Texture: Composition:
Rock fragments
Origin:
stream
1)
Which of the three groups does
this chart show?
2)
Which type of sediment has the
largest particles?
3)
What’s the difference between
conglomerate and breccia?
4)
Which rock has the finest
texture?
Chemical and Organic Sedimentary Rock
5)
What do limestone and coquina
have in common?
6)
What is the difference between
the coquina and crystalline
limestone?
7)
What do chert and flint have in
common with sandstone?
1)
Which of the three groups does
this chart show?
Clastic
2)
Which type of sediment has the
largest particles?
Gravel
3)
What’s the difference between
conglomerate and breccia?
Rounded or angular pieces
4)
Which rock has the finest
texture?
Shale
Chemical and Organic Sedimentary Rock
5)
What do limestone and coquina
have in common?
Both made of calcite
6)
What is the difference between
the coquina and crystalline
limestone?
Coquina  shells visible
Limestone  made from
dissolved calcite
7)
What do chert and flint have in
common with sandstone?
Both made of quartz
Conglomerate
Sandstone
Shale
River or stream bed
Sandy beach or desert
Pond or lake
Organic:
Clastic:
Chemical: