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Skin Care in the 21st Century – Sunscreens. Since the middle of the 80’s, fair skinned people have been much more aware of the need to protect their skins against the harmful effects of too much sunlight. This is a very good principle, but there are some very unsettling facts to consider. Logically we all tend to think that the higher the factor of the sunscreen(SPF) is, the better the protection it provides against ageing and skin cancer. Even better if it is marked "waterproof". Then the sun is really not too much to worry about in or out of the water. Everyone thinks that this must be true, when the creams appear to be effective to prevent burning after a lengthy exposure to the sun. Most of us are then convinced that we have done everything necessary to prevent skin damage and the ogre of eventual skin cancer. Unfortunately the truth is frighteningly different. Even though sunscreens absorb or reflect much of the energy of the damaging ultra-violet light of the sun, a fair amount still gets through into the skin. Especially the longer wave lengths in the ultra-violet A spectrum. Over many years, even short periods of exposure will cause cumulative damage to the layers of skin resulting in a thin and wrinkled skin. Often with dilated blood vessels, blotchy pigmented spots and a frail, rough surface. Such a skin cannot easily resist injury or infection and develops skin cancer much more readily than non-exposed skin. This is probably why British scientists found that even in places where people used sunscreens very faithfully, the numbers of skin cancers did not drop as was anticipated. This appears to be a paradox to many people. The fact however, is that skin cancer is primarily caused by very complex processes, but mediated by molecules known as free radicals. These charged atoms cause damage to the genes of the cells, creating the potential for cancer-forming oncogenes to be activated. The DNA and its genetic code is damaged, leading to complex abnormal tissue growth patterns. Oncogenes are normally suppressed by control and suppressor genes and are inactive. Their inactivity protects them against free radical atom damage, while the healthy active genes are very vulnerable. The irony of it all is that the most common and most destructive free radical comes from oxygen. Man cannot live without it, but when ultraviolet light breaks the O2 molecule into two single atoms of oxygen, they do to DNA what the sea air does to our cars : Rust ! Rust in a car is precisely like skin cancer, not easily stopped if neglected. What then can possibly be done to protect skin properly against this destructive train of events? The solution took a brilliant mind like Dr. Des Fernandes to put “antirust”, or more accurately anti-oxidant vitamins into Environ®’s RAD sunscreen. Suddenly the free radicals can be neutralised before they have a chance to do damage. Dr. Fernandes was the first to actively and aggressively promote the use of anti-oxidants in high doses in a commercial sun-screening product. Clearly this takes a big step in completing the picture in proper prevention of skin cancer. Not only that, but ageing of the skin will slow down and damage caused by the sun will be minimised with proper use of a sunscreen such as RAD. All sunscreens need re-application if one spends a long time in the sun, and definitely directly after swimming. The Americans are now so serious about this, that the Food and Drug Administration has banned the word "Waterproof" on sunscreens. The word "Waterproof" is seen to prevent people from re-applying their sunscreens after swimming. A “fatal” mistake. In a very interesting development, a group of cancer experts gathered in Lyon in France to give an answer to one question: Does the use of the present day sunscreens decrease the incidence of skin cancer? They came to the surprising conclusion that there is no data indicating any real cancer-protective effect and that the use of sunscreens may actually put people at greater risk of skin cancer by encouraging them to stay out in the sun for longer than they would have without the sunscreens. This conclusion by the experts puts pay to the obsession with using the highest SPF available. It may seem logical on the surface, because the higher factors are automatically equated with better protection by the companies that sell them. However the factor of a sunscreen merely refers to the length of time one will be able to longer tolerate the sun before burning compared to the time-to-burn without such protection. It can unfortunately not tell us in any way how well it will protect us against DNA damage or eventual cancer. Without sufficient anti-oxidant vitamins, the use of sun-screening may inadvertently add to the risk of more skin cancer by encouraging sun bathers to stay in the sun for longer than they would without the use of the sunscreen. Should everyone therefore avoid the sun at all costs? The answer is no, one can enjoy sunshine and get great benefit from it, yet one has to abide by the simple rules of "Safe Sun": Between 11 & 3 duck under a tree. Wear a fat hat and cotton on to cotton. Be sunwise, anti-oxidise ! Re-apply, re-apply and re-apply ( Environ®'s RAD and only RAD).