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Name _____________________________ Anatomy & Physiology – Marking Period 3 Quarterly Assessment Review Integumentary System The skin has two layers. They are the ____________________ and the __________________. o The __________________ is the upper layer and the ________________ is the lower layer. o If you cut yourself and it DOES NOT bleed, you have only cut into the __________ layer of the skin. o If you cut yourself and it DOES bleed, you have cut down into the ____________ layer of the skin. o Your skin gets its color from the pigment __________________. When you are in the sun, you skin produces more and you skin becomes ________________ (“tanning” effect). o You skin has several functions including protection, reducing water loss, and temperature regulation. How does your skin help to warm you up when you are cold? Sun Exposure & Skin Cancer o Why should someone wear sunscreen even if they do not get sunburned? o Full-spectrum sunscreen is the best type of sunscreen to use. Why? (think about what it blocks) o Melanoma What rule is used for diagnosing melanoma? What does each letter in this rule stand for? Burns: there are 3 types of burns – classify them below o First degree: _______________________________________________________________ o Second degree: _____________________________________________________________ o Third degree: ______________________________________________________________ Skeletal System Types of Bones o Flat Help with _______________________ Examples: ________________________________ o Irregular Have _________ shapes Example: _________________________________ o Long Found in _____________________ Examples: ________________________________ o Short Found in _________________ spaces Examples: ________________________________ Types of Joints (give locations of these joints) o Ball and socket ____________________________________________________________ o Hinge ___________________________________________________________________ o Pivot ____________________________________________________________________ o Gliding __________________________________________________________________ o Saddle ___________________________________________________________________ o Suture ___________________________________________________________________ Types of Fractures (describe below) o Comminuted ______________________________________________________________ o Greenstick ________________________________________________________________ o Open/compound __________________________________________________________ o Spiral ____________________________________________________________________ Treatment for Fractures o Closed reduction ___________________________________________________________ o Open reduction ____________________________________________________________ Label the Skull o Include: Frontal, Parietal, Occipital, Temporal, Nasal, Mandible Label the Skeleton o Include: Carpals, Clavicle, Femur, Fibula, Humerus, Metacarpals, Metatarsals, Pelvis, Phalanges (use 2X), Radius, Ribs, Scapula, Skull, Sternum, Tarsals, Tibia, Ulna, Vertebrae Functions of the Skeletal System (explain them below) o Some functions include: Protection: __________________________________________________________ Support: ____________________________________________________________ Blood cell production: _________________________________________________ Muscular System There are 3 types of muscle. List what each one does below. o Skeletal: __________________________________________________________________ _____________________ connect muscles to bone o Cardiac: __________________________________________________________________ o Smooth: __________________________________________________________________ Muscle fatigue can be caused by 3 things. List them below. 1. _________________________________________________________________________ 2. _________________________________________________________________________ 3. _________________________________________________________________________ Injuries o Sprain ___________________________________________________________________ o Strain ____________________________________________________________________ o Which is worse? __________________________ o What is the recommended way to treat sprains and strains? What does each letter in this acronym stand for? ______________________ _____ = _____________________ _____ = _____________________ _____ = _____________________ _____ = _____________________