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1. Religious vocal music
2. Secular vocal music
3. Instrumental music:
3.1. Instrumental forms
3.2. Instruments
4. Dance in the Renaissance
Religious vocal music
The Renaissance is the period between the 15th and 16th centuries.
Religious vocal music reflects the division of the Church.
The Protestant Reformation was initiated by
Martin Luther (1483-1546). His high musical
training allowed him to create the chorale, main
musical form of his church.
The Anglican Reformation. Henry VIII (14911547) founded the Anglican Church. The anthem
is the Anglican religious form.
The Catholic Counter-Reformation kept the Gregorian chant as the official
singing of the Church, bus also developed polyphony, which reache its utmost
splendor: the motet and the mass.
The most important composers of the Counter are Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina
(1525-1594), Orlando di Lasso (1531-1594), Christopher Morales (1500-1553) and
Tomás Luis de Victoria (1548-1611).
Secular vocal music
The secular vocal music seeks to reflect the expressive
meaning of the text through various forms of polyphonic song:
Italy:
Madrigal
France:
Chanson
The most representative composers:
Orlando di Lasso (1531-1594),
Carlo Gesualdo (1560-1630) y
Claudio Monteverdi (1567-1643).
Josquin des Prez (1440- 1521) y
Clément Janequin (1485-1558).
Spain
Romance
Villancico
Ensalada
Cristóbal Morales (1500-1553), Francisco Guerrero
(1527-1599), Tomás Luis de Victoria (1548-1611),
Juan del Enzina (1469-1529).
Instrumental music
3.1. Instrumentals forms
During the Renaissance, intruments and their techniques were improved and, for the first
time, some specific composition for instruments appeared.
Instrumentals forms:
• Adapted pieces from vocal works
They keep the typical structure and texture of the original vocal forms, but adapted for
instruments
The ricercare (derived from the motet) and the canzona (derived from the chanson).
• Pieces based on improvisation
They can be improvised upon a given melody or “cantus firmus”, or the music can be freely made
up. The fantasia and tthe toccata belong to this type.
• Pieces based on variation
The composer stars with a simple theme that is later repeated with different modification.
Variations can be made by transforming the original material or by addings new things.
Instrumental music
3.2. Instrumets
Instrument families were divided into two categories depending on sound
power and not on their timbric or performing similatirities.
• Haut music: formed by instruments with
great sound power. These were groups
intended for outdoor performances or
public events.
• Bas music: formed by instruments of soft
sound intensity. These were groups intended
for indoor performances.
Main Renaissance instruments:
Dance in the Renaissance
Dance was one of the favorite entertainments of
nobility. It counted on one of the most important
repertoires of instrumental music.
We distinguish two types of dance:
Social dance, with the dance pair
composed of the pavane and the galliard.
Dance theatre, which made room for ballet.
Dance in the court of Henry IIII.
THE END