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Kajanus: Kullervo, Aino Vesa Matteo Piludu, Kalevala Suite 17.10.2011 Department of Philosophy, History, Culture and Arts Musicology University of Helsinki Robert Kajanus (1856 - 1933) Finnish mother language: Swedish of Finland Good family from Helsinki Studies in Leipzig and Paris Return in Helsinki in 1882 Has founded the Finnish Philharmonic Orchestra: the first professional orchestra of the Nordic countries. He conducted it for all his life Friend of Sibelius Same restaurants in Helsinki: Kämp and König Symposium, Axel Gallén-Kallella The giants of the National Romantic generation Axel Gallén-Kallella (painter) Oskar Merikanto (composer) Robert Kajanus (composer) Jean Sibelius (composer) Kajanus and Lönnrot: 1874 ”After bidding us welcome, he apologized to us, obvioulsly abshed, that he was barefoot” “Being in his presence was restful for the soul, for the mental atmosphere around him was uncommonly pure” The 17-year-od Kajanus met the great man living in a humble wooden house in Sammatti Kajanus was requested to tune Lönnrot’s kantele Lönnrot wasn’t able to read or write music, but he have noted runo tunes by numbering the strings of the kantele Kajanus: Hymni (1874) In the same year, Kajanus wrote his first Kalevala composition: Hymni (Hymn) Text by Frans Tamminen Kaiu Wäinö’s kansan kieli, kaiu vielä kunniaan! Woita wierahankin mieli, säveletäs kuulemaan.” “Ring out, O language of Wäinö’s people, ring out with honor! Win over the soul of strangers too, that they might listen to your music” National – international Focus on language Kajanus Studied in Leipzig and Paris The idea of using folk tunes in classical music came probably from the Norvegian Svensen and Grieg Kajanus didn’t use Kalevala poetry or Kalevala tune in his compositions Use of contemporary poetry inspired by Kalevala Kalevala’s Kullervo – Kajanus’ Kullervo The long saga of Kullervo is one of the most relevant differences between Old Kalevala (1835) and the New Kalevala (1849) Kajanus: The Funeral March of Kullervo (1880) Aleksis Kivi (1834-1872) Kullervo (1860) Aleksis Kivi ’s drama Kullervo (1860) Aleksis Kivi’s Kullervo In Finnish http://www.finlit.fi/ kirjasto/digi/view. php?set=2773&it em=1&r=1&size= 100 Robert Kajanus: The funeral march of Kullervo (1880) Robert Kajanus Kullervon surumarssi Op. 3 (1880, The funeral march of Kullervo) Or Kullervon kuolema (The Death of Kullervo) According to the composer Kalevi Aho the music is clearly influenced by German romanticism Theme: tragic-heroic, strong rhythm Kullervo’s tragedy "Of the youth am I the poorest, Hapless lad and full of trouble, Evil luck to me befallen! I alas! must idly wander O'er the hills and through the valleys, As a watch-dog for the cattle!“ http://www.sacred-texts.com/neu/kveng/kvrune33.htm Kullervo’s saga Songs (Runo) 31-36 of Kalevala War between Kalervo (il padre di Kullervo) and Untamo Kullervo is a natural born warrior (and killer) His family seems to be slaughtered by Untamo He is a slave, but he knows that he is a (tragic) hero Kullervo destroy all the thing he touches Untamo “gives” Kullervo to Ilmarinen and his wife (Daughter of Pohjola) The wife mistreats Kullervo Kullervo summons bears and wolves and kills Ilmarinen’s wife Kullervo wanders Kullervo seduces, without knowing, his own sister When the sister knows the truth, she commits suicide Kullervo meets the lost family (parents) Kullervo goes to war against Untamo. He destroy the enemies, but his family is killed and his village destroyed Kullervo kills itself with his sword Akseli Gallen-Kallela: Kullervo’s kirous, 1899. Malta, malta, hiien huora! Jos itken isoni veistä, vielä itkenet itseki, itket lypsylehmiäsi. ” —Kullervon kirous, Kalevala 33:125–128 Thereupon the wizard answered, These the words of Kullerwoinen: "Wait, yea wait, thou bride of Hisi! Do I mourn my mother's relic, Mourn the keep-sake thou hast broken? Thou thyself shalt mourn as sorely When thy, cows come home at evening!“ Kalevala 33:125–128 http://www.sacredtexts.com/neu/kveng/kvrune33.htm Carl Eneas Sjöstrand (1828-1906) The death of Kullervo (sculpure), 1858. Kullerwoinen, wicked wizard, Grasps the handle of his broadsword, Asks the blade this simple question: "Tell me, O my blade of honor, Dost thou wish to drink my life-blood, Drink the blood of Kullerwoinen?" Thus his trusty sword makes answer, Well divining his intentions: Why should I not drink thy life-blood, Blood of guilty Kullerwoinen, Since I feast upon the worthy, Drink the life-blood of the righteous?" RUNE XXXV. KULLERVO'S EVIL DEEDS The sister Straightway wicked Kullerwoinen, Evil wizard and magician, Opens all his treasure-boxes, Shows the maiden gold and silver, Shows her silken wraps of beauty, Silken hose with golden borders, Golden belts with silver buckles, Jewelry that dims the vision, Blunts the conscience of the virgin. Silver leads one to destruction, Gold entices from uprightness. Kullerwoinen, wicked wizard, Flatters lovingly the maiden, One hand on the reins of leather, One upon the maiden's shoulder; Thus they journey through the evening, Pass the night in merry-making. http://www.sacredtexts.com/neu/kveng/kvrune35.htm Robert Kajanus Cd: Finnish Rhapsody, track 2 Kullervon surumarssi – Kullervo’s Funeral March The funeral march of Kullervo (1880) Clear influence: Wagner Kajanus listened several times Siegfried Funeral March Similarities with the Heroic symphony of Beethoven Sigfried and Kullervo are similar: obscure origins, heroic hybris, violence, unhappy loves, tragic destiny Premiére in Leipzig in May 1880, played in Finland in the years 1883-6 Adaptation of a Finnish folk tune: Äiti parkka ja raukka (Poor and unfortunate mother of mine) Quotation of the folk tune Velisurmaaja (The brother-Slayer) Kajanus worked on printed (folk) literature Death of Lönnrot (1884) Kajanus composed the Funeral March for organ Robert Kajanus: Aino (1885) Aino (1885): symphonic poem for the aniversary of Old Kaleval (1835): 50 years The history of Aino is tragic and comical at the same time The old Väinämöinen won Joukahainen in the battle of charms Joukahainen promised the hand of the sister Aino to save his life The mother of Aino is happy, the girl is desperate Aino disappeared in the waters Aino’s metamorphosis into a salmon, fished by Väinämöinen Aino-Salmon taunted Väinämöinen: “Don’t you recognize your beloved one?” After that she jumped in the waters and disappeared Akseli Gallén-Kallela: trittico di Aino Aino-taru triptyykki, 1889/91 Kajanus: Aino CD: Kajanus: Orchestral Music Track: 7 Kajanus’ Aino: influences Evident influence: Wagner Orcestration, harmony The harps imitate the sound of Väinämöinen’s kantele Prémiere in Helsinki Berlin philarmonic orchestra in 1890 Aino’s final part Final chorus: not from Kalevala Romantic Verses written (probably) by P.J. Hannikainen: Soi, soi nyt kannel, mun murhe jo murtanee Soi! Se mun sydäntäni virvoittaa. Hellästi soios, ja katkerasti kai'u, Siitä mun rintani lohtua saa! Väinämöinen Play, my kantele, that I’m broken with sorrow; Play! It shall refresh my hearth. Aino was relevant for Sibelius, who become interested in Kalevala Sibelius inherited Lönnrot’s kantele