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What is The Harlem Renaissance? • The Harlem Renaissance was a social, artistic, and philosophical movement that took place during the 1920’s until around the 1940’s. • African Americans were taken seriously for the first time as artists, musicians, authors, and contributors to culture. Why it Happened…. • African Americans migrate north to escape discrimination and oppression in the South. • They are also seeking better employment and other social opportunities. • In 30 years’ time 2 million African Americans decide to move North. • They begin to explore new artistic expression. • They gather in a community called Harlem in New York City. Those who contribute to the Harlem Renaissance include: The writers of the H. Renaissance include: • Zora Neale Hurston • Langston Hughes • Claude McKay • Jean Toomer • Eugene O’Neil • Countee Cullen The Players continued… Musicians of the Renaissance Include: • Louis Armstrong • Josephine Baker • Dizzy Gillespie Some Other Musicians • Jelly Roll Morton • Duke Ellington • Charlie “The Bird” Parker • Bessie Smith • Billie Holiday The Artists of the Harlem Renaissance • James Van Der Zee (Photographer): – Evening Attire • Aaron Douglas (Painter): – The Crucifixion and Into Bondage Why it matters…. • African Americans were staking their claim in America. • Not only were artists and writers representing the African American population well, but now political leaders among them emerged. • During this time, African Americans founded: – The NAACP, The Crisis Magazine, The Harmon Foundation (sponsor of arts), and big band and jazz clubs all over New York. THE DIFFICULTIES OF THE TIMES The Problems they Faced: • Lynching of you or your loved ones in public (yes, even in the North). • Denial of your rights to vote, assemble, go to church, or speak up for yourself. • Random threats to your life, your property, your spouse or your children. • Lack of formal education, drug abuse problems, and exploitation of these issues. • No real system of justice in place to protect your rights or prevent exploitation. QUESTIONS: • What is the PROPER and MOST EFFECTIVE way to gain respect from a dominant society that oppresses you? • Can you imagine our society ever becoming oppressive to you based on your belief systems, your race, or decisions you’ve made?