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WH Unit 2: Classical Empires Vocab Page 1 of 3 WH Unit 2: Classical Empires Vocab Word List Alexander the Great Aristotle Augustus Caesar Christianity Germanic invasions Hellenistic Jesus Julius Caesar Plato Roman law Socrates city-state consul democracy dictator economy monarchy oligarchy patrician philosophers plebeian polis polytheism republic senate Definitions Alexander the Great Macedonia's young king and student of Aristotle who conquered the Persian Empire, Egypt, and the Indus Valley. Aristotle (EHruhstotuhl) One of the greatest of the ancient Athenian philosophers; pupil of Plato; teacher of Alexander the Great (384-322 BC). Augustus Caesar Rome's first emperor who stabalized the frontier, erected splendid buildings, and created an enduring government. Christianity (krihscheeanihtee) noun A monotheistic religion founded on the teachings of Jesus Christ who promised eternal life and embraced all people. Spread throughout the Roman empire due to an excellent road system that allowed for the easy exchange of ideas. Germanic invasions Invaded the Roman empire due to a fear of attacks by the Huns. Disrupted Roman trade and created a disruption in the Roman military. One of the causes of the eventual fall of Rome. Hellenistic (hEHluhnihstihk) Relating to the civilization, language, art, science, and literature of the Greek world from the reign of Alexander the Great to the late second century B.C. Hellenistic sculpture, for example, was very realistic and emotional. Jesus (jeezuhs) noun A prophet of the first century; to Christians he was both God and man--the Messiah sent to save the human race from the sin it inherited through the Fall of Man (circa 8 BC 29 AD). Julius Caesar One of the leaders of the first Triumvirate of Rome. He was a military genius. He was appointed dictator for life by the Senate. http://www.edhelperblog.com/cgi-bin/vocab.cgi?FORMMODE=VPLFS2&WS=1&W0=m... 9/28/2012 WH Unit 2: Classical Empires Vocab Page 2 of 3 Plato (playtoh) A Greek student of Socrates Wrote of a perfectly governed society: Only the elite would vote for what was best for all of the people. Started the Academy-a philosophy school in Athens. Roman law All persons had the right to recieve equal treatment, to be punished only for actions, and to be considered innocent until proven guilty. Socrates (sokruhteez) noun The first great Greek philosopher. Wanted people to think about their values and actions. Plato was one of his students. Was sentenced to death for corrupting his students with his ideas. city-state A city and its surrounding lands functioning as an independent political unit. Both Athens and Sparta, for example. consul (konsuhl) noun In the early roman government, the chief executives of the government. democracy (dihmokruhsee) noun through representatives. A government controlled by its citizens, either directly or dictator (dihktaytur) noun In ancient Rome, a political leader given absolute power to make laws and command the army for a limited time. economy (ihkonuhmee) The system of production and distribution and consumption in a country. In Rome, this was characterized by trade, slavery, and agriculture. monarchy (monorkee) noun A government in which power is in the hands of a single person. oligarchy (oluhgorkee) noun A government in which power is in the hands of a few people-especially one in which rule is based on wealth. patrician (puhtrihshuhn) noun,adjective In ancient Rome, a member of the wealthy, privileged upper-class. philosophers (fuhlosuhfurz) noun Thinkers who use logic and reason to investigate the nature of the universe, human society, and morality. plebeian (pluhbeeuhn) noun,adjective In ancient Rome, one of the common farmers, artisans, and merchants who made up most of the population. polis (pohluhs) 750 B.C. A Greek city-state--the fundamental political unit of ancient Greece after about polytheism (polihtheeihzuhm) Belief in multiple Gods. Roman rulers, for example, opposed Christianity becuase Christians would not worship Roman gods. http://www.edhelperblog.com/cgi-bin/vocab.cgi?FORMMODE=VPLFS2&WS=1&W0=m... 9/28/2012 WH Unit 2: Classical Empires Vocab Page 3 of 3 republic (reepuhbluhk) noun A form of government in which power is in the hands of representatives and leaders are elected by citizens who have the right to vote. senate (sEHnuht) noun of aristocrats. In ancient Rome, the supreme governing body, originally made up only http://www.edhelperblog.com/cgi-bin/vocab.cgi?FORMMODE=VPLFS2&WS=1&W0=m... 9/28/2012