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1. How did people long ago
develop calendars?
1. They studied predictable
cycles in the sky.
2. Why do scientists think that
the people who built
Stonehenge had a good
understanding of the Sun and
the seasons?
2. It has stones that point to
the rising and setting of the
Sun or the Moon on
certain days of the year.
3. Why do telescopes in space
get a more complete picture
of space objects?
3. They are beyond Earth’s
atmosphere so the images
are more clear.
4. How are the telescopes Keck
I and Keck II in our textbook
different from a radio
telescope?
4. The Keck telescopes use
mirrors to collect light.
5. What type of galaxy has a
center filled with stars and
arms spiraling outward from
the center?
5. A spiral galaxy has a center
made of many stars and
arms.
6. a. Which layer of the Sun
has sunspots?
6. a. The Photosphere.
6. b. Why do Sunspots look
darker than the rest
of the layer?
7. New stars form in a
Cloud of gas and dust
called a..
b. They look dark because
they are cooler than the
rest of the layer.
7. Nebula
8. How did Isaac Newton’s
telescope improve upon
earlier telescopes?
8. Newton’s telescope used a
curved mirror to make
objects appear sharper.
9. What type of galaxy has a
shape somewhat like a
football?
9. Elliptical galaxies are
shaped like footballs.
10. Why can people in the
United States see the
constellation Canis Major
only in the winter?
10. As Earth moves around
the Sun, different parts of
the sky come into view.
11. Describe two discoveries
that Galileo Galilei was
able to make by using his
telescope to study objects
in the sky.
11. Galileo Galilei discovered
that Jupiter had four
moons orbiting it and that
Venus had phases like our
Moon.
12. How are the Milky Way
and the constellation
Centaurus similar?
12.
SIMILARITY
They are both groups of
stars in the sky.
DIFFERENCE
Centaurus is made up of
a small number of stars
arranged in a pattern,
but the Milky Way is a
galaxy with a huge
number of stars held
together by gravity.
13. a. Compare the size of the
Sun to Earth and to
other stars in the sky.
b. Explain how the color of
a star relates to the
temperature of the star
and the brightness of the
star.
13. a. It would take 1 million
Earths to fill the inside
of the Sun. Compared to
other stars our Sun is
medium sized.
b. The red stars are the
coolest (about 2,500
degrees). The yellow and
orange stars are medium
temperature. The blue and
white stars are hottest
(about 5,000 degrees). The
hotter the star the brighter
it is.
14. What type of star is 170
times its normal size and
has used up all of its
hydrogen?
14. A Red giant
15. What type of star has
used up all of its hydrogen
and helium as it is slowly
cooling down?
15. A White Dwarf
16. What type of star is
completely cooled and
has shrunken to the size
of a city, 22km?
16. A Black Dwarf
17. What type of star has
already gone through a
supernova and now has
only neutrons left?
17. A Neutron Star