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Mesopotamia and The Fertile Crescent/ Chapter 3 Study Guide Name____________________________________Period_________Date______________ 1. What 2 land features gave Mesopotamia its name? Tigris River and Euphrates River 2. Why did Mesopotamia build canals? It was a way to control the river’s flow 3. Why did city-states fight each other for land? Each wanted to have enough farmland to grow food 4. What did Sargon’s empire have in common with other Mesopotamian city-states? They both fought with surrounding city-states 5. Who served as the link between the Sumerians and the gods? The priests 6. What is cuneiform? Sumerian writing system with wedge shaped symbols 7. What was the reason that ziggurats were tall? To honor the gods 8. What technology did the Hittites and Assyrians use in the battle? Iron weapons and chariots 9. What was the relationship between trade and the spread of the Phoenician alphabet? The alphabet spread along their trade routs 10. What was the resource for which the Phoenicia was known? Cedar trees 11. What did both Hammurabi and Nebuchadnezzar do? They both ruled and built up Babylon Urban- city area Monarch-ruler of a kingdom polytheism- the worship of many gods Mesopotamia and The Fertile Crescent/ Chapter 3 Study Guide 12. Which army defeated all the city-states of Sumer and conquered the northern Mesopotamia? Sargon’s army, the akkadian army 13. Which king became a legendary figure in Sumerian literature? Gilgamesh 14. What were Sumerian city centers dominated by? Ziggurats, their temples 15. What sharp tool did Sumerians use to write on clay tablets with? A Stylus, made from a reed 16. Which city-state rose to power after the death of Sargon I? Ur 17. When did hunter-gatherer groups first settle in Mesopotamia? More than 12,000 years ago 18. What determined the amount of land controlled by the city-states? A city-state’s military strength 19. Can Sumerian women be important religious leaders? Yes; priestesses 20. What was the Sumerian math system based on? The number 60 21. Babylon was located near what present day city and country? Baghdad, Iraq 22. What factor(s) may have limited the growth of Sargon’s empire? The Syrian desert didn’t have enough farmland Key & Academic Terms to Study for Test Rural- countryside alphabet- set of letters that form a word empire- different peoples under a single ruler Fertile Crescent- a large arc of farmland pictographs- picture symbols cuneiform- world’s 1st writing system chariot-wheeled, horse drawn battle cart social hierarchy- division of society by rank Epics- long poem; tells story of a hero irrigation- a way of supplying water to an area Urban- city area polytheism- the worship of many gods Monarch-ruler of a kingdom Mesopotamia and The Fertile Crescent/ Chapter 3 Study Guide Urban- city area Monarch-ruler of a kingdom polytheism- the worship of many gods