Download Animal Behavior - Wando High School

Animal Behavior
Animal Behavior is defined as ______________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________ – the study of animal behavior
Three scientists are well known for their studies in animal behavior:

__________________________________________ - studied honey bee behavior in the
early 1900’s.
o
He discovered that bees communicate using the
_________________________________.

__________________________________________ – showed that the same stimulus
may elicit very different forms of behavior in different animal species.

__________________________________________– researched innate behavior and
simple forms of learning.
__________________________________________ immediate interaction with the
environment
__________________________________________ evolutionary differences and
evolutionary consequences

Many studies indicate that behavior often involves a combination of genetic
programming (nature) and environmental experiences (nurture).
Innate Behaviors and Fixed Action Patterns

_______________________ (often a simple cue in an animal’s environment) trigger
innate, essentially unchangeable ______________________________________ (FAPs).

The genetic programming underlying FAPs ensures that such activities are performed
correctly __________________________________.

An example of a FAP may be someone that has memorized a poem or piece of music but
must start over at the beginning if interrupted.

Once an animal initiates a FAP it usually carries out the sequence to completion, even if
it receives different stimuli before it finishes.

A Fixed Action Pattern (FAP) can be thought of as an innate response to a certain
stimulus.
Learning
Learning is a _________________________________________________________.
There are various types of learning ranging from simple behavior change due to a stimulus to
complex problem solving involving an entirely new behavior:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Habituation
Imprinting
Association
Imitation
Problem Solving
1. Habituation is one of the simplest forms of learning where an animal learns
________________________________________________________________________
that conveys little or no information



I.E. – birds becoming habituated to a scarecrow, humans becoming habituated to the feel
of clothes or wearing a watch.
Habituation is highly adaptive.
It allows an animal’s nervous system to focus on stimuli that signal food, mates, or real
danger and not waste time or energy on stimuli that are irrelevant to survival or
reproduction.
2. Imprinting is _____________________________ limited to a
_____________________________ in an animal's life; it enhances fitness by enabling
rapid learning.
3. In association an animal learns that a particular ________________________________
is linked to a ________________________________________


“Skinner box” is that classic stimulus –response study in which a rat finds and
manipulates a lever and is rewarded by food. The rat quickly learns to associate
depressing the lever with a food reward.
In a natural setting associative learning is called_________________________________.
4. Imitation is learning by ____________________________________________________.

Imitation is not limited to a sensitive period.

I.E. Predators seem to learn some of their basic hunting tactics by observing and imitating
their mother
5. Problem solving involves using ______________________, ___________________,
and ___________________ to find the solution.
Biological Rhythms and Animal Movement

Behavior evolves as natural selection fine-tunes an animal to its ___________________

______________________ are patterns that are repeated daily and appear to be timed

by an internal biological clock.

Many animals formulate ________________________ or ________________________.
These are internal representations of spatial relationships among objects in their
surroundings
How Do Animals Navigate??
1. ______________________________
2. ______________________________
3. ______________________________
4. ______________________________
5. ______________________________
What about when it’s cloudy?
Many animals have ______________________in their brains – a mineral which contains iron and
allowing them to orient to the _____________________________