Download Byzantine Empire

Byzantine Empire
•Location of Constantinople
-In Asia Minor
-Protected from the eastern frontier
-Distant from Germanic invasions in western
empire
-Considered as the crossroads of trade
-Easily fortified site on a peninsula bordering
natural habors
24.Why was Constantinople such a powerful city
in the Byzantine empire?
- it was fortified from invasion and a
crossroads of trade
25.Describe how Slavic Russia and the Byzantine
Empire were connected.
- connected through the Dnieper and Volga
rivers that flow into the Black Sea
Byzantine Empire
• Role of Constantinople
– Seat of Byzantine Empire until Ottoman conquest
– Preserved classical Greco-Roman culture
– Center of trade
• Byzantine Emperor Justinian
– Justinian Code – codification of Roman law
(impact) on European legal codes
– Reconquest of former Roman territories
– Expansion of trade
Byzantine Empire
• Byzantine achievements in art and
architecture
– Inspiration provided by Christian religion and
imperial power
– Icons – religious images
– Mosaics – small pieces of an object put together
to make a larger picture; used in public and
religious structures
– Hagia Sophia – Byzantine domed church, built by
Justinian
26.Describe the most striking feature of
Byzantine architecture.
- the Hagia Sophia – church – an architectural
and engineering wonder – huge dome on top
Byzantine Empire
27. Describe Byzantine culture. Like the
Romans, who did they borrow ideas from?
– Continued flourishing of Greco-Roman traditions
– Greek language (as contrasted with Latin in the
West)
– Greek Orthodox Christianity
– Greek and Roman knowledge preserved in
Byzantine libraries
– Borrowed from Mediterrenean cultures
Differences in the Eastern and Western
Churches
– Western Church (Roman
Catholic Church):
• Centered in Rome
• Farther from seat of
power after
Constantinople became
capital
• Use of Latin language in
liturgy (church service)
– Eastern Church (Greek
Orthodox):
• Centered in
Constantinople
• Close to seat of power
after Constantinople
became capital
• Use of Greek language in
the liturgy (church
service)
29.Describe the religious controversy that split
the Roman Catholic church and the Byzantine
Empire around 700 A.D.
- Debates over whether clergy should marry, if
it is okay to worship icons, and question of
whether pope is supreme authority
Byzantine Empire
• Division between Western and Eastern
Churches
– Authority of the Pope eventually accepted in the
West
– Authority of the Patriarch (church father)
accepted in the East
– Practices such as celibacy eventually accepted in
the West
Byzantine Empire
• Influence of Byzantine culture on Eastern
Europe and Russia
– Trade routes between Black Sea and Baltic Sea
– Adoption of Orthodox Christianity by Russia and
much of Eastern Europe
– Adoption of Greek alphabet to the Slavic
languages by St. Cyril (Cyrillic alphabet)
– Church architecture and religious art
Why was Moscow referred to as the “Third
Rome.” Where was the 1st and 2nd Rome?
- when Constantinople fell, Moscow was the
new big city – it was also the only seat of the
Eastern orthodox church left
- The 1st Rome was Rome, the 2nd Rome was
Constantinople
Division between Western and Eastern Churches
The Eastern and Western churches had major disagreements,
including arguments over clergy, icons, leadership and the trinity.
Roman Catholic (west)
Greek Orthodox
(east)
NO married priests
Celibacy ______
Married priests
allowed
Icons
Rejected, then
later accepted
Accepted
Leadership
Pope
____________
Trinity
Holy spirit, father and son
Rejected
leadership of
pope
Supremacy of
father over other
two
Map of the Byzantine Empire