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3.1 THE DISTRIBUTION OF ORGANISMS IN THE BIOSPHERE Science 10 Mr. Francis WHY DO THINGS LIVE WHERE THEY LIVE? How come sharks live in the ocean, but not in dutch lake? How come polar bears live in the arctic, but not in kamloops? Organisms are specialized for living in specific conditions within the biosphere The two key factors that determine where things can live are average temperature, and average precipitation The long-term pattern of temperature and precipitation is called CLIMATE WHAT ELSE INFLUENCES THE “WEATHER” Two key factors that influence weather/climate Latitude – distance from the equator Close to the equator, more direct sunlight, therefore warmer, longer growing season Elevation – Height above sea level High elevations generally have cooler temperatures during winter months than lower elevations Distance from a major body of water also influences climate WINDS AND CURRENTS •Winds cause ocean currents •Winds are caused by the movement of warm and cold air masses. •Currents are important in circulating heat worldwide. •On the BC coast, warm air rises and cools near mountains. •Most precipitation falls before air passes over the mountains. “Rain shadow effect” CLIMATORGRAPHS •Precipitation and temperature caused by solar energy, winds, and currents are most influential in determining the types of fauna and flora in an ecosystem. •Climatographs can show changes in temperature and precipitation. The line shows temperature and the bars show precipitation. ASSIGNMENT •Read pages 51 – 59 •Answer questions P. 60 1, 3 – 6, 8, 12, 14 – 16