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Religion in Medieval Europe (Unit 7)
I. Rise of the Church
a. Germany and Italy area were divided into __________
1. Emperor had short-term power limited to the north and GM
area. __________kingdom controlled the area.
__________________ was limited because it was an elected
position & the power of the feudal barons.
2. Various tribes controlled southern ________ and ___________.
3. _________, head of now powerful _________ Church, presided
over middle of Italy called the __________ States. Held the
__________ authority.
b. Led to the Holy Roman EmpireStruggle between the Pope and __________ over the ultimate
authority.
- All of present day _________, Switzerland, and ___________
- 962, King _________ I of the Germany territory and the Pope
established it in order to try to __________ Italy with Germany
- Pope wins out at ___________ in 1077, when Pope forced
______________ to do penance (prayer, fasting, and
pilgrimages) and accept papal ______________.
- Empire in title only (controlled by church ____________church law)
c. Development of the Church----Briefly
During the Middle ages, the Christian church becomes the most
____________ force in Europe. ______________; became a state
w/in a state having its own laws, government, and jurisdiction.
Popes ____________ in politics and acted as a feudal overlord to
Kings.
d. Church benefits and Influence - _____________________
-_________ between lord and vassal were _______________ oaths
-Kings _______________________ by the church
-Church was largest _____________________
-______________ was privileged class and the church was tax _____.
e. 3 weapons of the Church
1. _____________ to punish crimes that violated church teachings
2. _____________- kicked an individual out of the church and that
means you can not go to ____________________.
3. _____________- kicked out a whole group of people
f. People began to love Christianity. Why?
____________not satisfying to the people and lacked moral contact
_________________
-God that was above ________________
-Founder a real _________ and inspired people to spread
-Hope for the _____________
-Put in Holy ____________
II.
Crusades- _____________ Wars
a. Background
Arabs conquered __________ in 600AD (After Mohammed.)
___________ were tolerant of others religions by allowing trades
and pilgrimages from Christians.
However, during the 1000’s, Arabs lost ___________ control &
leadership to the Seljuk _________________.
The Turks threatened the city of ________________ and the
Byzantine _________ asks the Pope for help to defend his city and
regain the territories he ____________ to the Turks.
b. Pope’s call for a crusade
-Pope ___________, eager to regain the Holy land from the
Moslems, called a great _______________ of church leaders and
____________nobles in France to join in a _____________ War
-People supported it and it became known as the ______________
to regain the ____________ Land
-Crusaders had various ______________ to join (religion, property,
adventure, escape debt and pope said if fight for Christ your sins
would be ___________ away.)
c. Crusades
1. The First Crusade 1095-99
Who was fighting?
-Led by __________ and ____________ nobles. Left in three
organized armies that moved across _________ to
Constantinople.
(suffered from heat from their choice of dress). Their motives
for going varied from those going for purely religious reasons to
those planning on using this an opportunity to get rich quick.
The leaders were jealous and divided, each working against
each other.
What Happenned?
-Crusades won due to the Turks _____________ and disunity
-____________ came in and they captured _______________
Result
-Set up _________ states (____________, Trioplis, Kingdom of
Jerusalem, and Antioch)
-Introduced ______________ and European occupied some
lands for nearly a century
-Christians and Muslims exchanged _______________.
2. The Second Crusade 1147-9
-1147, _____ recaptured the important city if ___________.
Who was fighting?
-King _________ and the ______ Conrad III led armies to
the Holy Land
What Happenned?
-Fought ___________ and did not join forces until late (after
two years returned home)
Result
***** -BIG time ______________
3. The Third Crusade 1189-92
a. 1187, Jerusalem recaptured by the Moslem leader _________
Who was fighting?
b. Crusade of 3 kings
-King Richard I or the ___________ of England
-King ____________ of France
-HRE Fredrick _______________
All Stars that led a great army to the Holy Land
What Happenned?
c. HRE ____________> most of army turned back
Philip and Richard _______________
Philip left to conquer lands in ___________ (pretended to be ill)
Richard could of won __________ but preferred military
adventure (got them to let Christians enter freely)
Result
d. Crusade accomplished very _______________
4. Children’s Crusade
In Germany and France, children were caught up in the crusading
spirit; they believed that in their innocence they could accomplish
what the older crusaders could not.
Who was fighting?
Led by a French peasant boy named ________ and encouraged by
their parents and some priests, many children joined the banner.
They felt they could win back the Holy Land through __________.
1000’s of Children set out & had ___ idea where they were going.
What happened?
Many died while trying to cross the Alps, and others who managed
to get to the ships were taken to North Africa and sold as ______.
Result
Crusade had no had a chance and ended in _____________
III. The Black Death
a. What was it?
It was a ___________ that spread through _________. The exact year
was _________ and it lasted about three years.
b. What happened if you got it?
-Severe ________
-Died
-_________ swellings
-Fever
-Black ______ on the face and parts of the body would turn _____
c. Who was effected?
- People that lived in a _________, filthy slum (most likely to suffer)
- Monks, nuns, and women had a ________ risk because they spent
a lot of time in doors. (Dirty houses)
- Kings, Princesses, Nobles and bishops died—did not ___________
_____________ were destroyed --___________ WAS AFFECTED FROM THE BLACK PLAGUE.
d. Causes
-Small black Asian _______/ or the _____ on trading boats
-Shortage of _________
Disease the carried is called ________ and that why it is
sometimes called the ______________ Plague.
Theories:
-Blamed the __________ people
-_____________ in India released _________ gas
into the air.
-Strange arrangements of the ___________ in the
sky
-________ was angry with humans
e. How to stop it?
Europeans knew very little about ____________
Advice>>best medicine “When plague strikes your town, ________
quickly, go far and come back _________________.”
Also would use a medical tactic like “________________”
- Begged _________ (symbol of Mercy) to end the plague
- Avoid _____________
- Groups were praying and _______________ themselves
- Good luck Charm
f. Results
1/3 of Europe wiped out (25m)
½ of Paris
Some cities up to 90% or wiped out
People lost _________(priest and monks abandoned and sold Holy
relics and people thought what kind of a God would do this to his
own people)