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Lesson 25 NYS COMMON CORE MATHEMATICS CURRICULUM M1 GEOMETRY PENDING FINAL EDITORIAL REVIEW Lesson 25: Congruence Criteria for Triangles—SAA and HL Student Outcomes Students learn why any two triangles that satisfy the SAA or HL congruence criteria must be congruent. Students learn why any two triangles that meet the AAA or SSA criteria are not necessarily congruent. Classwork Opening Exercise (7 minutes) Write a proof for the following question. Once done, compare your proof with that of a neighbor’s. Given: ࡰࡱ = ࡰࡳ, ࡱࡲ = ࡳࡲ Prove: ࡰࡲ is the angle bisector of ࡳࡰࡱס Proof: ࡰࡱ = ࡰࡳ Given Common side ࡱࡲ = ࡳࡲ Given ࡰࡲ = ࡰࡲ ᇞ ࡰࡱࡲ =ᇞ ࡰࡳࡲ SSS ࡲࡰࡳס = ࡲࡰࡱס ࡰࡲ is the angle bisector of ࡳࡰࡱס Corr. סs of ؆ ᇞs Defn. of angle bisector Discussion (25 minutes) Today we are going to examine three possible triangle congruence criteria, Side-Angle-Angle (SAA) and Side-Side-Angle (SSA), and Angle-Angle-Angle (AAA). Ultimately, only one of the three possible criteria will actually ensure congruence. Side-Angle-Angle triangle congruence criteria (SAA): Given two triangles and ԢԢԢ. If = ԢԢ (Side), ס = סԢ (Angle), and ס = סԢ (Angle), then the triangles are congruent. Lesson 25: Date: © 2013 Common Core, Inc. Some rights reserved. commoncore.org Congruence Criteria for Triangles—SAA and HL 7/10/13 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. 196 Lesson 25 NYS COMMON CORE MATHEMATICS CURRICULUM M1 GEOMETRY PENDING FINAL EDITORIAL REVIEW Proof Consider a pair of triangles that meet the SAA criteria. If you knew that two angles of one triangle corresponded to and were equal in measure to two angles of the other triangle, what conclusions can you draw about the third angles of each triangle? Since the first two angles are equal in measure, the third angles must also be equal in measure. Given this conclusion, which formerly learned triangle congruence criterion can we use to determine the pair of triangles as congruent? ASA Therefore, the SAA criterion is actually an extension of the triangle congruence criteria. ASA Hypotenuse-Leg triangle congruence criteria (HL): Given two right triangles and ԢԢԢ with right angles סand סԢ. If = ԢԢ (Leg) and = ԢԢ (Hypotenuse), then the triangles are congruent. Proof As with some of our other proofs, we will not start at the very beginning, but imagine that a congruence exists so that triangles have been brought together such that = ᇱ and = Ԣ; the hypotenuse acts as a common side to the transformed triangles. Similar to the proof for SSS, we add a construction and draw Ԣ. Lesson 25: Date: © 2013 Common Core, Inc. Some rights reserved. commoncore.org Congruence Criteria for Triangles—SAA and HL 7/10/13 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. 197 Lesson 25 NYS COMMON CORE MATHEMATICS CURRICULUM M1 GEOMETRY PENDING FINAL EDITORIAL REVIEW ᇞ Ԣ is isosceles by definition, and we can conclude that base angles סᇱ = סԢ. Since סᇱ and סᇱ are both the complements of equal angle measures (סᇱ and סԢ), they too are equal in measure. Furthermore, since סᇱ = סᇱ , the sides of ᇞ ᇱ opposite them are equal in measure; = ԢԢ. Then by SSS, we can conclude ᇞ ؆ᇞ ԢԢԢ. Criteria that do not determine two triangles as congruent: SSA and AAA Side-Side-Angle (SSA): Observe the diagrams below. Each triangle has a set of adjacent sides of measures 11 and 9, as well as the non-ŝŶĐůƵĚĞĚĂŶŐůĞŽĨϮϯȗ͘zĞƚ͕ƚŚĞƚƌŝĂŶŐůĞƐĂƌĞŶŽƚĐŽŶŐƌƵĞŶƚ͘ Examine the composite made of both triangles. The sides of lengths 9 each have been dashed to show their possible locations. The pattern of SSA cannot guarantee congruence criteria. In other words, two triangles under SSA criteria might be congruent, but they might not be; therefore we cannot categorize SSA as congruence criteria. Angle-Angle-Angle (AAA): A correspondence exists between triangles ᇞ and ᇞ ࡰࡱࡲ. Trace ᇞ onto patty paper and line up corresponding vertices. Based on your observations, why can’t we categorize AAA as congruence criterion? Is there any situation in which AAA does guarantee congruence? Even though the angle measures may be the same, the sides can be proportionally larger; you can have similar triangles in addition to a congruent triangle. List all the triangle congruence criteria here: SSS, SAS, ASA, SAA, HL List the criteria that do not determine congruence here: SSA, AAA Lesson 25: Date: © 2013 Common Core, Inc. Some rights reserved. commoncore.org Congruence Criteria for Triangles—SAA and HL 7/10/13 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. 198 Lesson 25 NYS COMMON CORE MATHEMATICS CURRICULUM M1 GEOMETRY PENDING FINAL EDITORIAL REVIEW Examples (8 minutes) 1. Given: Prove: ס = ס ٣ ࡰ ٣ ࡰ, ٣ ࡰ , ס = ס ᇞ ࡰ ؆ ο ࡰ ٣ ࡰ Given BD = BD Common Side ס + = ࡰסૡ° Straight Angle ס + = ࡰסૡ° Straight Angle ࡰס؆ ࡰס 2. Given Given Given: Prove: ࡰ ٣ ࡰ ࡰ ٣ Substitution ࡰ ٣ ࡰ, ࡰ ٣ , = ࡰ ᇞ ࡰ ؆ ο ࡰ Given Given = ࡰ Given BD = BD Common Side ᇞ ࡰ ؆ ο ࡰ HL Exit Ticket (5 minutes) Lesson 25: Date: © 2013 Common Core, Inc. Some rights reserved. commoncore.org Congruence Criteria for Triangles—SAA and HL 7/10/13 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. 199 Lesson 25 NYS COMMON CORE MATHEMATICS CURRICULUM M1 GEOMETRY PENDING FINAL EDITORIAL REVIEW Name ___________________________________________________ Date____________________ Lesson 25: Congruence Criteria for Triangles—SAA and HL Exit Ticket 1. Sketch an example of two triangles that meet the AAA criteria that are not congruent. 2. Sketch an example of two triangles that meet the SSA criteria that are not congruent. Lesson 25: Date: © 2013 Common Core, Inc. Some rights reserved. commoncore.org Congruence Criteria for Triangles—SAA and HL 7/10/13 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. 200 Lesson 25 NYS COMMON CORE MATHEMATICS CURRICULUM M1 GEOMETRY PENDING FINAL EDITORIAL REVIEW Exit Ticket Sample Solutions 1. Sketch an example of two triangles that meet the AAA criteria that are not congruent. Responses should look something like the example below. 2. Sketch an example of two triangles that meet the SSA criteria that are not congruent. Responses should look something like the example below. Problem Set Sample Solutions Use your knowledge of triangle congruence criteria to write proofs for each of the following problems. 1. Given: Prove: ٣ ࡰࡱ ٣ ࡱࡲ ٣ , ࡰࡱ ٣ ࡱࡲ, ࡲࡱ צ, ࡲ = ࡰ ᇞ ؆ ࡰࡱࡲ ࡲࡱ צ Given ࡲ = ࡰ Given FC=FC Common Side AF + FC = FC +CD Substitution ο ؆ οࡰࡱࡲ SAA ࡲס = ס 2. Given Given Alt. Int. ࢙ס In the figure, ࡼ ٣ ࡾ and ࡼ ٣ ࡾ and ࡾ is equidistant from the lines ࡼ and ࡼ. Prove that ࡼࡾ bisects ࡼס. ࡼ ٣ ࡾ Given RA = RB Given PR= ࡼࡾ Common Side ࡼ ٣ ࡾ Given οࡼࡾ ؆ οࡼࡾ ࡾࡼס؆ ࡼࡾס Lesson 25: Date: © 2013 Common Core, Inc. Some rights reserved. commoncore.org HL Corr. ࢌ ࢙ס؆ ο Congruence Criteria for Triangles—SAA and HL 7/10/13 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. 201 Lesson 25 NYS COMMON CORE MATHEMATICS CURRICULUM M1 GEOMETRY PENDING FINAL EDITORIAL REVIEW 3. Given: Prove: ࡼס = ס ࡾס = ס ࡼס = ס, ࡾס = ס, ࢃ is the midpoint of ࡼ ࡾࢃ = ࢃ Given ࢃ is the midpoint of ࡼ Given AW = PW Def. of midpoint οࢃ ؆ οࡼࢃࡾ SAA ࡾࢃ = ࢃ 4. Given Given: Prove: ࡾ = ࢁ Corr. Sides of ؆ ο࢙ ࡾ = ࢁ, rectangle RSTU ᇞ ࡾࢁ is isosceles Given rectangle RSTU Given BCࢁࡾ צ Def. of Rect. ૢ = ࢀࡿࡾס°, ૢ = ࡿࢀࢁס° Def. of a Rect. ࢁࡾס = ࡿࡾס ࡾࢁס = ࢀࢁס ࡿࡾס+ = ࢀࡿࡾסૡ ࢀࢁס+ = ࡿࢀࢁסૡ Corr. ࢙ס Corr. ࢙ס Straight Angle Straight Angle RS = UT Def. of Rect. οࡾࡿ ؆ οࢀࢁ HL ࢀࢁס = ࡿࡾס ࡾࢁס = ࢁࡾס ᇞ ࡾࢁ is isosceles Lesson 25: Date: © 2013 Common Core, Inc. Some rights reserved. commoncore.org Corr. ࢌ ࢙ס؆ ο࢙ Substitution Base ࢙סconverse Congruence Criteria for Triangles—SAA and HL 7/10/13 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. 202