Download Unit 10 Chapter 37 Respiration, Circulation, and Excretion

Unit 10
Chapter 37
Respiration,
Circulation,
and Excretion
The Respiratory System
Pathway of air:
 Nasal passages =
to warm, moisten, & filter
 Pharynx = throat
 Epiglottis = cartilage flap
covering opening of trachea,
prevents food from entering
 Larynx = voice box

The Respiratory System

Trachea (windpipe)
 surrounded
by cartilage
rings to prevent collapse

Bronchi  bronchioles
 successively
smaller
tubes branching into lungs

Alveoli
 small
sacs where oxygen
& CO2 are exchanged
by simple diffusion
The Respiratory System
Types of Respiration:
 External Respiration

 Occurs

in lungs, oxygen enters blood
Internal Respiration
 Occurs
in body cells, oxygen enters tissue
Which is
External?
…Internal?
The Respiratory System
Mechanics of breathing:
 Inhaling = diaphragm contracts, chest
enlarges, reduced pressure brings in air
 Exhaling = diaphragm relaxes, chest
reduces, increased pressure pushes out air

Diaphragm
Click on image to play video.
The Circulatory System: the Blood
Plasma
 Straw colored fluid portion of blood
 Transports food, cell wastes, hormones,
antibodies, etc

The Circulatory System: the Blood
Red Blood Cells
 Small, disc-shaped
cells without nuclei
 Contains Hemoglobin,
which gives RBCs the
ability to transport
oxygen

The Circulatory System: the Blood
White Blood Cells
 Large, nucleated
cells without color
 Change shape to
slip in & out of
vessels; for
surrounding and
engulfing foreign
substances

The Circulatory System: the Blood
Platelets
 Very small cell fragments
 Help clot the blood after an injury

Platelets
The Circulatory System: the Blood

Blood Types A, B, AB & O are
determined by antigens:

Antigens are substances
that stimulate an immune
response in the body

Plasma contains antibodies:

Antibodies are Y-shaped
proteins that match with
antigens
The Circulatory System: the Vessels
Arteries
 Large, thick-walled, muscular vessels
 Carry blood away from the heart

The Circulatory System: the Vessels
Veins
 Large, less muscular vessels with valves
to prevent backflow of blood
 Carry blood toward the heart

Veins
Click on image to play video.
The Circulatory System: the Vessels
Capillaries
 Microscopic blood vessels branching
throughout body tissues
 One cell thick walls allow exchange of
materials between blood & tissues

The Circulatory System: the heart
Chambers of the heart:
 Atria
 Upper, thin-walled
chambers that receive
blood from body
 Ventricles
 Lower, muscular
chambers that pump blood
to the entire body

The Circulatory System: the heart
Blood vessels:
 Vena cavae are the largest
veins that enter Right Atrium
 Pulmonary Artery takes
blood to lungs, while
Pulmonary Veins bring it
back to heart
 Aorta is the largest artery
that leaves the Left ventricle

Circulation of blood through the heart
Circulation of blood through the body
The Circulatory System: the heart
Pulse
 The surge of blood
through an artery; can
measure the number of
heartbeats/minute
 Blood Pressure
 The force that blood
exerts on the blood
vessels; directly relates
to heart health

EKG
Click on image to play video.
The Urinary System

Kidneys
 Filter
the blood to remove wastes, maintaining
homeostasis of the body fluids

Nephron
 About
one million filtering units per kidney
The Urinary System

Ureters
 Tubes
connecting kidney
to bladder

Urinary bladder
 Temporary
storage of
urine

Urethra
 Passes
urine from
bladder out of the body
Kidney
Click on image to play video.