Download Lesson 3 | Phylum Chordata

Name
Date
Class
Notes: 393-398
LESSON 11-3
Phylum Chordata
A. Characteristics of Vertebrates
1. All vertebrates have a(n)
, also called a spinal column or spine.
2. Bones that form a backbone are called
.
3. All vertebrates have digestive systems with ____ openings, circulatory systems that move ______
through the body, and nervous systems that include
_____
.
Coldblooded Vertebrates (Ectotherms)
B. Fish
1. Fish have two important characteristics in common:
that absorb oxygen gas from water and paired
that aid in swimming.
2. Hagfish and lampreys lack
and are in a group called ______________ fish.
3. Sharks, skates, and rays are
fish.
4. Jawless and cartilaginous fish have internal structures made of
___________________ .
5. Trout, guppies, perch, tuna, mackerel, and thousands of other species have
_______________________ and are grouped together as _____________
fish.
C. Amphibians (“Double Life”)
1. Frogs, toads, and salamanders belong to the class
.
2. Young amphibians (tadpoles) live in water and have gills and fins. Through ___________________,
most adults develop _______
and ______________and live on land, but remain near water.
3. Amphibians lay ____________________ in ___________________. These eggs do not have hard
protective coverings, or _____________.
4. Amphibians have ___________ skin and can take oxygen and water directly through their ________.
D. Reptiles
1. Lizards, ___________, turtles, crocodiles, and alligators belong to the class _____________
2. All reptiles have
skin that is covered in
3. Like amphibians, most reptiles have three-chambered
.
___________.
.
4. Unlike amphibians, lizards and other reptiles have _______________throughout their lives.
5. Most reptiles lay fluid-filled ___________ with _______________ shells.
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Warmblooded Vertebrates (Endotherms)
E. Birds
1. All birds are in the class
2. Many birds can
.
, and they have stiff _____________ that enable them to move through
the air.
3. Birds have
and do not chew their food; instead, their digestive systems
include
, which are organs that help grind food into
smaller pieces.
4. Birds lay fluid-filled
with hard shells and feed and care for their
_________________.
5. Birds have many characteristics in common with reptiles and are thought to be descendants of
_______________________________.
6. Birds have many _______________________________ for flight.
a. High _______________________________ to get energy to fly.
b. Eat large amounts of ______________ in proportion to body weight.
c. Large __________________.
d. Air sacs- increases amount of ___________________ taken in.
e. Rapid ______________ rate- muscles get more oxygen from blood.
f. Hollow __________________ make them lightweight
g. Powerful flight _________________ attached to a keel.
F. Mammals
1. All mammals have hair or
2.
covering their bodies.
glands produce milk that feeds young mammals.
3. Mammals are grouped according to how their _____________ develop.
a. Placental mammals give birth to completely developed __________________ young.
Examples: ____________________________________________________________
b. Monotremes lay _________________.
Examples: ____________________________________________________________
c. Marsupials give birth to live young that complete development in a ________________________.
Examples: ____________________________________________________________
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