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Transcript
Identifying Macromolecules Functional Groups • • • • Amino NH2 Hydrocarbon C-C-C-C Carboxyl or carboxylic acid COOH Hydroxyl OH Determining Polarity • Be polar around N and O • If N and O are all over the entire molecule is polar • NONPOLAR hydrocarbon regions Looking for Trends Carbohydrates Sugars • • • • • 1:2:1 of C:H:O Appear in rings Monosaccharide- 1 ring Disaccharide- 2 rings Polysaccharide- more than 2 rings Proteins Amino Acids and Proteins • Amino acids contain amino functional group (NH2) • Amino acid if NH2 and –COOH are bonded to the same C • Dipeptide if –NH2 and –COOH are NOT bonded to the same C Lipids Fats Fat Identification • Glycerol: 3 carbons each with an OH • Fatty Acid: -COOH bonded to hydrocarbon chain – Saturated- no double bonded C – Unsaturated- double bonded C – Polyunsaturated- if more than one double bond • Triglyceride- if glycerol is bonded to three F.A. chains Nucleic Acids DNA and RNA • Nucleotide consists of a sugar, phosphate, and nitrogen base Dehydration Synthesis Taking away a water to make a new bond Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Hydrolysis Inserting a water molecule to break apart two monomers
